Gold-Nanoparticle Hybrid Nanostructures for Multimodal Cancer Therapy

Abstract

With the urgent need for bio-nanomaterials to improve the currently available cancer treatments, gold nanoparticle (GNP) hybrid nanostructures are rapidly rising as promising multimodal candidates for cancer therapy. Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) have been hybridized with several nanocarriers, including liposomes and polymers, to achieve chemotherapy, photothermal therapy, radiotherapy, and imaging using a single composite. The GNP nanohybrids used for targeted chemotherapy can be designed to respond to external stimuli such as heat or internal stimuli such as intratumoral pH. Despite their promise for multimodal cancer therapy, there are currently no reviews summarizing the current status of GNP nanohybrid use for cancer theragnostics. Therefore, this review fulfills this gap in the literature by providing a critical analysis of the data available on the use of GNP nanohybrids for cancer treatment with a specific focus on synergistic approaches (i.e., triggered drug release, photothermal therapy, and radiotherapy). It also highlights some of the challenges that hinder the clinical translation of GNP hybrid nanostructures from bench to bedside. Future studies that could expedite the clinical progress of GNPs, as well as the future possibility of improving GNP nanohybrids for cancer theragnostics, are also summarized.

Engineered Liposomes in Interventional Theranostics of Solid Tumors

“…In this regard, Chauhan et al formulated disintegrable NIR triggered gold nanorods and liposomal nanohybrids to treat cancer. These surfaces engineered liposomal hybrid structures have been investigated for localized bioimaging and dual chemo and photothermal therapeutic . The dual therapeutic liposomal nanohybrid consists of plasmonic gold nanorods supported by anticancer drug DOX loaded liposomes.…”

“…These surfaces engineered liposomal hybrid structures have been investigated for localized bioimaging and dual chemo and photothermal therapeutic. 226 The dual therapeutic liposomal nanohybrid consists of plasmonic gold nanorods supported by anticancer drug DOX loaded liposomes. These gold nanorods, named GNRs, not only accomplish their photothermal response and improve the phototriggered drug release in cancer cellular environment but also provide mechanical support to the soft liposomes from both surfaces (interior and exterior surfaces) of liposomes.…”

Nanogel-based composites for bacterial antibiofilm activity: advances, challenges, and prospects

“…Exogenous stimuli can include triggers such as near-infrared (NIR) light, magnetic field, ultrasound, and temperature. 21,27 As with endogenous stimuli, the exogenous stimuli studied for biofilm therapy using nanogels have been limited to NIR light. 13,28–30…”

“…Exogenous stimuli can include triggers such as nearinfrared (NIR) light, magnetic eld, ultrasound, and temperature. 21,27 As with endogenous stimuli, the exogenous stimuli studied for biolm therapy using nanogels have been limited to NIR light. 13,[28][29][30] Despite the attractive features of nanogels for biolm therapy, nanogels have only been very briey and recently studied for the treatment of biolms.…”

Chitosan-Based Nano-Smart Drug Delivery System in Breast Cancer Therapy

“…There are many choices in the development of nanovehicles, such as liposomes, dendrimers, polymeric nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, iron oxide nanoparticles, and gold nanoparticles. Advances in NT-based delivery systems have allowed the simultaneous delivery of different anticancer agents, including drug–drug or gene–drug combinations [ 14 , 15 , 16 ].…”