Gold, Mercury, and Silver Extraction by Chemical and Physical Separation Methods

Olyaei, Yaser; Aghazadeh, Sajjad; Gharabaghi, Mahdi; Mamghaderi, Hassan; Mansouri, Jahanbakhsh

doi:10.1016/s1875-5372(17)30040-1

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 3 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Finally, it is worth mentioning the centrifugal concentrator, named after Byron Knelson, is a better and more sophisticated recovery technology than the sluice box and long tom that dominated the market in 1970. The rationale behind the Knelson design is contrasted with that of single-wall centrifugal concentrators from earlier and later years, which had remarkable industry acceptance [15,[99][100][101][102].…”

Section: The Jiggs Concentratormentioning

confidence: 99%

Alluvial Gold Mining Technologies from Ancient Times to the Present

Mathioudakis,

Xiroudakis,

Petrakis

et al. 2023

Mining

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This article provides a comprehensive and chronological account of the technological advancements in alluvial gold mining. Gold has been a highly prized commodity throughout history and has played a significant role in humanity’s economic and cultural progress. The primitive methods of extracting gold from riverbeds were carried out in Ancient Anatolia and Ancient Greece. The earliest references to the extraction of gold from riverbeds can be traced back to the Argonautic expedition and the myth of the “Golden Fleece”. In this myth, fine gold particles were believed to be trapped within the skin of the fleece, thus alluding to the early practices of gold recovery from rivers. Since then, gold extraction and processing technologies have evolved. During the Roman Empire period, Emperor Augustus made significant advancements in hydraulic gold mining. He developed the “ground sluicing” method, which used water to wash away the overlying soil and expose the bedrock where gold deposits were located. Subsequently, the revolutionary pumps described by Georgius Bauer (Agricola) gained significant popularity during the Renaissance. Additionally, Spanish colonialists in America enhanced their techniques by observing the efficient methods employed by the indigenous populations. Finally, the “gold rush” era was perhaps the most crucial period in alluvial gold mining and took place in the rivers of America during the 19th–20th centuries. Today, technologies have evolved significantly, and exploring the evolution of primitive methods to the present is considered essential.

show abstract

Section: The Jiggs Concentratormentioning

confidence: 99%

Alluvial Gold Mining Technologies from Ancient Times to the Present

Mathioudakis,

Xiroudakis,

Petrakis

et al. 2023

Mining

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Different beneficiation techniques to extract gold from ore are chosen based on various factors [41][42][43]. The poor processing methods posed gold losses and health risks to the miners due to the contaminants exposure.…”

Section: Importance Of Centrifugal Separation In Artisanal Gold Mine ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Uses of Artisanal Gold Mine Tailings, with an Emphasis on the Role of Centrifugal Separation Technique

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Few investigations have focused on the potential uses of artisanal gold (Au) mine tailings, despite the fact that artisanal gold mining activity contributes to environmental issues such as greenhouse gas. Mineralogical characterizations of artisanal gold mine tailings in Miyove gold mine (Baradega and Masogwe) in Rwanda were investigated for potential utilization as a source of valuable gold, using the centrifugal separation technique. Results of X-ray diffraction analysis, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy, and X-ray fluorescence showed that artisanal gold mine tailings samples have significant amounts of gold to justify economical gold extraction opportunity. The gold grades in the ores and artisanal gold mine tailings were in the ranges of 37–152 and 2–7 g t−1, respectively. Quartz was a major phase, with minor impurities in two different types of gold ores and their respective tailings. The beneficiation carried out using centrifugal separation, regarded as an extension of gravity separation, showed gold grades in the range of 535–1515 g t−1 for gold ores and 36–302 g t−1 for artisanal gold mine tailings. The gold recoveries for ores and artisanal gold mine tailings were in the range of 21.8–47.3% and 46.9–63.8%, respectively. The results showed that the centrifugal separation technique was more efficient in boosting gold recovery compared to the present panning approach employed at the site, which sometimes recover as low as 10%. The results suggest that mineralogical characterization of artisanal gold mine tailings allows for the development and design of a suitable methods for improving gold ore beneficiation and artisanal gold mine tailings reprocessing.

show abstract

“…Mercury is capable of breaking lattice bonds of metals and forming alloys with them, which is generally called as “amalgamation”. Silver–mercury and gold–mercury amalgams are very common since they are used in dentistry and extraction of gold, respectively. − An amalgam contains metallic bonding through the electrostatic force between conduction electrons, which helps to bind the positively charged metal ions into the crystal lattice. In nanochemistry, the redox reaction between noble metal nanoparticles such as AgNPs and AuNPs with Hg(II) leads to the deposition of Hg(0) on the respective metal nanoparticles, which is considered as amalgams. , The redox reaction follows galvanic replacement reaction (GRR) in which Hg(II) undergoes reduction by receiving the electrons from the surface of respective nanoparticles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unusual Reactivity of Graphene Quantum Dot-Wrapped Silver Nanoparticles with Hg(II): Spontaneous Growth of Hg Flowers and Their Electrocatalytic Activity

2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The galvanic reaction (GR) between a graphene quantum dot (GQD)-stabilized AgNP (Ag-GQD)-modified glassy carbon (GC) surface and Hg(II) leads to complete dissolution of AgNPs within 15 min and subsequent growth of Hg(0) as a “flower” on the GQD surface. This is unusual because generally the GR of bulk Ag/AgNPs with Hg(II) leads to the formation of a Hg–Ag amalgam/core shell structure. The appearance of peaks at 99.9 and 103.9 eV in X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirms Hg(0) on GQDs, whereas the disappearance of a peak at 370 eV indicates complete dissolution of Ag(0). When 200 ppm Hg(II) interacts with Ag-GQDs for 10 min, coalescence of AgNPs takes place along with the formation of Hg(0) petals separately. However, Hg(0) is grown as a flower with 2 μm size, and complete dissolution of AgNPs occurs subsequently after 15 min. The reason for anti-amalgamation is the direct deposition of Hg(0) by the available oxygen functional groups, followed by its strong adsorption on the graphene surface of GQDs. The subsequent growth of Hg(0) as a flower is due to the GR between AgNPs and Hg(II). Interestingly, the Hg flower-GQD-modified GC electrode acts as a good electrocatalyst toward H2O2 reduction by decreasing its overpotential by 150 mV in contrast to GC/Ag-GQDs.

show abstract

Gold, Mercury, and Silver Extraction by Chemical and Physical Separation Methods

Cited by 11 publications

References 3 publications

Alluvial Gold Mining Technologies from Ancient Times to the Present

Alluvial Gold Mining Technologies from Ancient Times to the Present

Potential Uses of Artisanal Gold Mine Tailings, with an Emphasis on the Role of Centrifugal Separation Technique

Unusual Reactivity of Graphene Quantum Dot-Wrapped Silver Nanoparticles with Hg(II): Spontaneous Growth of Hg Flowers and Their Electrocatalytic Activity

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About