Gold endowment of the metasomatized lithospheric mantle for giant gold deposits: Insights from lamprophyre dykes

Heavy halogen compositions of lamprophyres derived from metasomatized lithospheric mantle beneath eastern North China Craton

“…Lamprophyre dykes were widely present in the eastern NCC and were mainly formed between 130-120 Ma, consistent with the peak time of the NCC destruction (e.g., Dai et al, 2016;Guo et al, 2004;Shen et al, 2009;Wang et al, 2020). Previous studies proposed that these lamprophyres were derived from the metasomatized and enriched lithospheric mantle (e.g., Ma et al, 2014a;Ma et al, 2014b;Wang et al, 2022;Wang et al, 2020).…”

“…Lamprophyres are produced by preferential partial melting of metasomatized portions of the SCLM (e.g., Dongre and Tappe, 2019;Maria and Luhr, 2008;Rock et al, 1991;Wang et al, 2022). They are often rich in hydrous minerals (e.g., amphibole and biotite), volatiles (e.g., S, Cl, and H 2 O), alkalis, fluid-mobile incompatible elements (e.g., K, Ba, and Rb) (e.g., Rock, 1987;Rock and Groves, 1988;Wang et al, 2022).…”

“…Lamprophyres are produced by preferential partial melting of metasomatized portions of the SCLM (e.g., Dongre and Tappe, 2019;Maria and Luhr, 2008;Rock et al, 1991;Wang et al, 2022). They are often rich in hydrous minerals (e.g., amphibole and biotite), volatiles (e.g., S, Cl, and H 2 O), alkalis, fluid-mobile incompatible elements (e.g., K, Ba, and Rb) (e.g., Rock, 1987;Rock and Groves, 1988;Wang et al, 2022). Since lamprophyres are derived from relatively large regions of mantle then, in the absence of significant crustal contamination and other secondary processes, they are more homogeneous and representative than mantle xenoliths (Wang et al, 2022;Wang et al, 2020), and could better reflect the nature of the SCLM from a broader domain, as well as the mobilization of halogens during the ascent of lamprophyre melts.…”

Machine Learning Investigation of Clinopyroxene Compositions to Evaluate and Predict Mantle Metasomatism Worldwide

“…The results show that no correlation exists between the probability of metasomatism and rock type, including clinopyroxenite, dunite, harzburgite, lherzolite, peridotite, pyroxenite, and wehrlite (Figure S6 in Supporting Information S1). Indeed, it has been suggested that metasomatism may occur in various tectonic settings (Aiuppa et al., 2021; Dawson, 1984; Liu et al., 2021; Menzies & Murthy, 1980; Roden & Murthy, 1985; Wang et al., 2022). In particular, carbon and water lower the melting temperatures of peridotites, and carbonated and hydrous silicate melts have been suggested as effective metasomatic agents (Dasgupta & Hirschmann, 2006; Hirschmann, 2000; Sarafian et al., 2017; Sun & Dasgupta, 2019; Thomson et al., 2016).…”

“…Metasomatism modifies the mineralogy and composition of pre‐existing rocks through reaction with melt/fluid at high temperature. This important process produces geochemical and isotopic heterogeneities within Earth's mantle (Aiuppa et al., 2021; Roden & Murthy, 1985; Wang et al., 2022; Zhang et al., 2009), which in turn affect chemical differentiation in the mantle, craton stability, and the physical properties of the lithosphere (Araújo et al., 2009; Dawson, 1984; Liu et al., 2021; Lloyd & Bailey, 1975; Menzies & Murthy, 1980; O’Reilly & Griffin, 2013; Pearson et al., 2021; Peng et al., 2021; Rudnick et al., 1993). Therefore, evaluating mantle metasomatism at the global scale is essential to understanding mantle heterogeneity.…”