Gold-Diaphragm Based Fabry-Perot Ultrasonic Sensor for Partial Discharge Detection and Localization

Abstract

Acoustic measurement is the most widely used non-electric method to detect partial discharge (PD) signals by detect the ultrasonic waves arisen from partial discharge. To solve the shortages of low sensitivity and susceptibility to interferences, a gold diaphragm based Fabry-Perot interferometer ultrasonic sensor is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. Its high acoustic sensitivity and directional insensitivity shows great capability for PD detection and localization. Experimental results illustrate a well acoustic response from 20 kHz to 150 kHz when standard ultrasonic signals applied. The frequency range covers the acoustic frequencies derived from PD process. The ultrasonic signals from a discharge source is measured by the proposed fiber optic sensor with difference distances and incident angles. The output shows an attenuation of 1.32 dB/m and the sensor can detect weak signals as far as 3 m. The directional deviation coefficients are less than 10% for each measuring distance which exhibits directional independence. Two localization techniques with a sensor array (four sensors) are proposed and simulations are carried out to verify them feasible. The fiber-optic ultrasonic sensor may have a great potential in stability maintenance of electrical power systems due to its low cost, compact structure, environmentally robustness and simple manufacturing.

Fiber Optic Acoustic Sensor Based on SMS Structure With Thin Polymer Diaphragm for Partial Discharge Detection

“…A signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 43 dB was obtained by PP/PET Diaphragm at 600 Hz [20]. With a gold diaphragm for a frequency range of 20 kHz to 150 kHz, the maximum SNR achieved is 48 dB [25]. Our FOAS achieved SNR around 60 dB at 40 kHz.…”

“…The sensitivity of diaphragm-based sensors depends upon the diaphragm radius and thickness [19]. Different diaphragm materials have been proposed for acoustic measurement study such as graphene [19], polypropylene/poly (ethylene terephthalate) [20], nitrile rubber [21], PDMS [22], Parylene-C [23], aluminium foil [24], gold [25], and silver [26]. The SMS structure sensors using multimode interference phenomena are gaining attention in many applications.…”

High Sensitivity and High Stability Dual Fabry-Perot Interferometric Fiber-Optic Acoustic Sensor Based on Sandwich-Structure Composite Diaphragm

“…Diaphragm-based fiber optic acoustic sensors have attracted much interest because of their high sensitivity [8]- [10], wide frequency band [11]- [13], and high dynamic range [14]. Several diaphragms have been used to detect acoustics waves, such as metal (silver [8], [15], gold [16], [17]), two dimension materials (graphene oxide [11]), graphene [12], [13], silicon nitride [18], [19], and polymer (PPESK [20], PET [21]- [23]). Other than metal diaphragm, the rest diaphragms face the problem of low reflectivity.…”

Acoustic Optical Fiber Sensor Based on Graphene Oxide Membrane

“…Mechanical, optical, and chemical properties of the membrane, along with its geometry, are of utmost importance in the sensor design as it determines the sensitivity, working range, and stability of the sensor, among other sensor characteristics. Different membrane materials have been proposed in literature for the fabrication of Fabry–Pérot based sensors, like fused silica [ 21 , 22 ], metals [ 23 , 24 ], or polymers [ 25 ]. Recently, there has been much research on graphene and graphene-based materials due to the compelling material properties.…”