Gold deposition and resource potential of the Linglong gold deposit, Jiaodong Peninsula: Geochemical comparison of ore fluids

Guo, Lei; Deng, Jun; Yang, Liqiang; Wang, Zhongliang; Wang, Sirui; YuJi, WEI; Chen, Bing-Han

doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2020.103434

Cited by 27 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…The structure-fluid feedback involving fluid-rock reaction and hydrofracturing triggered the phase separation of ore fluids (Fig. 10e, f; Guo et al, 2020) and resultant gold deposition in Jiaodong (Yang et al, 2018b). Fluid unmixing and phase separation, evidenced by coexistence of liquid-rich and vapor-rich carbonicaqueous fluid inclusions (Fig.…”

Section: Structure-fluid Feedback Triggering Gold Depositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Vein-type ores generally have larger ranges of CO 2 and CH 4 contents than the disseminated and stockwork ores (Wen et al, 2015;Guo et al, 2017). The quartz-sulfide vein style ore have the widest range of the measured homogenization temperature between 147°C and 358°C (median 280°C; Shen et al, 2004;Hu, 2006;Hu et al 2007;Zhang et al, 2007;Lan et al, 2010;Cai et al, 2011;Yang et al, 2016aYang et al, , 2017bChai et al, 2017;Guo et al, 2017Guo et al, , 2020Ma et al, 2017), which decreased successively to the disseminated and stockwork ore (207°C -335°C, median 259°C; Yang et al, 2012;Deng et al, 2015b;Wang et al, 2015;Wen et al, 2015;Yang et al, 2016a;Chai et al, 2017; 2017; Liu et al, 2017a) and to breccia style ore (145°C-316°C, median 233°C; Shen et al, 2012;Liang et al, 2022). The salinities of ore-forming fluids from breccia style ore are mainly in 4.6-11.6 wt% NaCl eq.…”

Section: Nature and Compositions Of Ore-forming Fluidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, ore-forming temperature in gold deposits from the Jiaobei uplift (207°C-358°C, median 269°C; Yang et al, 2012;Deng et al, 2015b;Wang et al, 2015;Wen et al, 2015;Yang et al, 2016aYang et al, , 2017bChai et al, 2017;Guo et al, 2017Guo et al, , 2020Liu et al, 2017a) are slightly higher than those in Sulu orogenic belt (147°C-310°C, median 240°C; Shen et al, 2004;Hu, 2006;Hu et al 2007;Lan et al, 2010;Cai et al, 2011;Ma et al, 2017). The differences in nature of ore-forming fluids may roughly reflect decreases of the metallogenic depth from the Jiaobei uplift, to the northern margin of the Jiaolai basin and Sulu orogenic belt.…”

Section: Nature and Compositions Of Ore-forming Fluidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Formation of the Jiaodong Gold Province

Deng

WANG

LIU

et al. 2022

Acta Geologica Sinica (Eng)

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Gold deposits in Jiaodong, termed Jiaodong‐type, are tectonically located in the southeastern margin of the North China Craton. Their major features are reviewed in this paper to highlight the differences between Jiaodong deposits and other genetic types of gold deposits. The mineralization was synchronized with asthenosphere upwelling indicated by syn‐ore OIB‐like mafic dike and large‐scale crustal thinning suggested by decrease of Sr/Y from pre‐ore to syn‐ore granites. Asthenosphere upwelling induced by the roll‐back of Paleo‐Pacific Plate drove partial melting of lithospheric mantle and devolatilization, which induced the release of the ore‐forming fluids. In concomitant with magmatic records, mineralization migrated from the western Jiaobei terrane (133–127 Ma) to the eastern Sulu orogenic belt (114–108 Ma), corresponding to the eastward roll‐back of Paleo‐Pacific Plate. Gold mineralization in Jiaodong formed in the transitions of ductile to brittle deformation, rapid to slow crustal uplift, and regional compression to extension. In the regional‐scale, the gold deposits in the Jiaobei terrane are mostly situated at intersections between NE‐trending faults and EW‐trending basement faults, and gold orebodies dominantly controlled by the lithologic contacts between Precambrian metamorphic rocks and Mesozoic granites. The mineralization was dominated by the disseminated‐veinlet ores related to quartz–sericite alteration in strong cataclasite‐breccia zone, with subsidiary thick quartz‐sulfide veins developed in secondary fault zones. The ore‐forming fluids belong to a H2O–CO2–NaCl±CH4 system and show minor variations in salinity among different types of ore. Structure‐fluid feedback involving fluid‐rock reaction and hydrofracturing triggered the fluid phase separation and resultant gold deposition. The Jiaodong gold deposits are distinct from orogenic and intrusion‐related gold deposits in terms of tectonic setting, origin of ore‐forming fluids, and mechanism of gold deposition.

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Section: Structure-fluid Feedback Triggering Gold Depositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Nature and Compositions Of Ore-forming Fluidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Nature and Compositions Of Ore-forming Fluidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Formation of the Jiaodong Gold Province

Deng

WANG

LIU

et al. 2022

Acta Geologica Sinica (Eng)

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“…The deposits are mainly present both as disseminated ores and stockwork veinlets hosted in extensively altered and cataclastic footwall fault rocks and/or as large auriferous quartz veins associated with brittle faults. Low‐salinity (<11.2 wt.% NaCl equiv) aqueous‐carbonic fluids deposited gold commonly at about 300°C and at 2.4 kb, which corresponds to depths of 5.4–9.0 km in conditions between lithostatic and hydrostatic pressure (Deng, Yang, et al., 2020; Guo et al., 2020; Hu et al., 2013). Most of the gold resources formed during a relatively brief period at ca.…”

Section: Geology Of the Jiaodong Peninsulamentioning

confidence: 99%

Low‐Temperature Thermochronology for Defining the Tectonic Controls on Heterogeneous Gold Endowment Across the Jiaodong Peninsula, Eastern China

et al. 2023

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This study presents a low-temperature thermochronological data set from the Jiaodong Peninsula in eastern China, including new zircon U-Th/He and apatite fission-track data from the Sulu Terrane in the eastern side of the Jiaodong Peninsula and published data from the Jiaobei Uplift to the west. These data reveal differential tectonic evolution between the Jiaobei Uplift and the Sulu Terrane, which is responsible for their heterogeneous gold endowment. Thermal history inverse modeling and structural analysis indicate three broad periods of cooling in the Sulu Terrane. These include: (a) slow cooling from 114 to 50 Ma; (b) rapid cooling from 50 to 40 Ma; and (c) tectonic stability after 40 Ma with little cooling. This thermotectonic evolution pattern shows that the local tectonic evolution of Sulu Terrane and Jiaobei Uplift are relatively independent, although they share identical far-field geodynamic controls. The critical characteristic is the Early Cretaceous extension within the Sulu Terrane was much weaker than that in the Jiaobei Uplift that underwent a rapid period of uplift in the Aptian. The differential tectonic evolution of the two areas induced variation in structural architecture and consequential differences in degree of extension that are important factors in defining the heterogeneous gold endowment rather than simply suggested differences in ore-forming fluid chemistry, metal precipitation mechanism, and/or exhumation levels. The intense extension in the Jiaobei Uplift was conducive to voluminous fluid migration and gold precipitation. In contrast, the much weaker extensional setting in the Sulu Terrane was not conducive to large-scale fluid migration from deep. Plain Language SummaryThe Izanagi Plate was subducted westward underneath the Eurasian continent beginning in the Jurassic, influencing the tectonic evolution and forming a remarkable metal endowment in eastern China. The Jiaodong gold province in China is composed of the Jiaobei Uplift to the west and Sulu Terrane to the east, hosting gold resources of >5,000 tonnes. More than 85% of the gold resources are hosted in orogenic gold deposits in the Jiaobei Uplift, whereas gold endowment is more limited in the Sulu Terrane. Structural analysis and low-temperature thermochronology from our new study reveal that the tectonic evolution of the Sulu Terrane is different from that previously described for the Jiaobei Uplift. Differential tectonic evolution shows that the local ore-controlling structural evolution of the two areas is relatively independent although both are controlled by the subduction of the Izanagi Plate. This independence reflecting differences in degrees of extension appears to be the major factor responsible for the heterogeneous gold endowment in the Jiaodong gold province. The greater amount of extension in the Jiaobei Uplift relative to that in the Sulu Terrane was more conducive to large-scale fluid migration in the Early Cretaceous, which led to the world-class gold deposit formation.

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“…This was associated with the steepening of the angle and the associated rollback of the subducting Izanagi Plate. In an extensional regime, eastern NCC witnessed craton destruction or decratonization (Wu et al, 2005;Yang and Li, 2008;Zhu et al, 2015), regional tectonic inversion and strong crust-mantle interaction (Menzies and Xiu., 1998;Cai et al, 2013), which led to partial melting and dehydration of the lithospheric mantle and the lower crust as the temperature increased (Yang et al, 2003;Tan et al, 2015;Wen et al, 2015;Guo et al, 2020), and form a largescale high heat flow, extensive crust-mantle mixture magmas. The magma migrated upward to the upper crust, subsequent magma mixing and the exsolved fluids extracted the ore-forming elements from the enclosing rocks to form the ore-forming fluids.…”

Section: Geodynamic Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

Genesis of the Yangjiakuang gold deposit, Jiaodong peninsula, China: Constraints from S-He-Ar-Pb isotopes, and Sm-Nd and U-Pb geochronology

Dang²,

Fu³

et al. 2023

Front. Earth Sci.

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Located in the Penglai-Qixia-Fushan Gold Belt, the Yangjiakuang gold deposit formed in the marble of the Paleoproterozoic Fenzishan Group is different from the previous altered rock-type gold deposits whose host gold-bearing rocks are Archean gneiss and Mesozoic granite. Two gold orebodies have been explored within the Yangjiakuang gold deposit, and both of them were controlled by the Yangjiakuang syncline. Three ore-forming stages have been recognized, including the pyrite-sericite stage (I), the gold, polymetallic sulfide, and quartz stage (II), and quartz-calcite stage (III). The calcites, which represent the main metallogenic stage (II) at Yangjiakuang gold deposit, yielded a Sm-Nd isochron age of 123.5 ± 8.1 Ma (MSWD = 0.042). Subsequent geologic events were recorded by quartz diorite porphyrite dyke which are dated at 122.75 ± 0.66 Ma (MSWD = 1.5) by zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating. It is suggested that the gold mineralization took place in the early period of Early Cretaceous. The in situ δ34S values of pyrites from two stages have a narrow range from + 5.65 to + 9.63‰ with an average value of 8.14‰, which indicate that the source of δ34S is related to the Guojialing granite and the Fenzishan Group. The lead isotopic compositions of pyrites (206Pb/204Pb = 16.615 to 16.832; 207Pb/204Pb = 15.275 to 15.403; 208Pb/204Pb = 36.829–37.470) show a consistent origin of the lower crust. The measured 3He/4He (40Ar/36Ar) of hydrothermal fluids in pyrites are 0.641–1.132 Ra (637.5–1162.7), indicating that the ore-forming fluid originating from a mixing of crustal and mantle components. It is suggested that the gold mineralization is associated with extensional tectonic inversion caused by the rollback of the subducting Izanagi Plate during the early Cretaceous, which triggered partial melting of mantle and lower crust, and subsequent magma mixing and exsolution of ore-bearing fluids. These fluids extracted ore-forming materials from the enclosing rocks of the Jiaodong Group, the Fenzishan Group, and the Guojialing granite to form the ore-forming fluids.

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Gold deposition and resource potential of the Linglong gold deposit, Jiaodong Peninsula: Geochemical comparison of ore fluids

Cited by 27 publications

References 75 publications

The Formation of the Jiaodong Gold Province

The Formation of the Jiaodong Gold Province

Low‐Temperature Thermochronology for Defining the Tectonic Controls on Heterogeneous Gold Endowment Across the Jiaodong Peninsula, Eastern China

Genesis of the Yangjiakuang gold deposit, Jiaodong peninsula, China: Constraints from S-He-Ar-Pb isotopes, and Sm-Nd and U-Pb geochronology

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