Gold-coated AFM tips for tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy: theoretical calculation and experimental demonstration

Meng, Lingyan; Huang, Teng-Xiang; Wang, Xiang; Chen, Shu; Yang, Zhilin; Ren, Bin

doi:10.1364/oe.23.013804

Cited by 65 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…52 However, it should be noted that the maximum TERS enhancement factor is about 4 orders of magnitude lower than that predicted in theory (10 9 ). R laser is the radius of the laser focus and R tip is the radius of the tip apex.…”

Section: Ters Studymentioning

confidence: 72%

“…The most direct way is to check the TERS signal of our tips with different thickness of the coating layer. 19,52,53 Unfortunately, up to now there is still no systematical experimental report about the influence of tip radius on the tipenhanced Raman signal, because the low reproducibility in controlling the coating layer of the tip apex. [47][48][49][50] With a same instrumental configuration, the radius of the tip apex was found to be the dominant factor determining the field enhancement.…”

Section: Ters Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rational fabrication of a gold-coated AFM TERS tip by pulsed electrodeposition

et al. 2015

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Reproducible fabrication of sharp gold- or silver-coated tips has become the bottleneck issue in tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, especially for atomic force microscopy (AFM)-based TERS. Herein, we developed a novel method based on pulsed electrodeposition to coat a thin gold layer over atomic force microscopy (AFM) tips to produce plasmonic TERS tips with high reproducibility. We systematically investigated the influence of the deposition potential and step time on the surface roughness and sharpness. This method allows the rational control of the radii of gold-coated TERS tips from a few to hundreds of nanometers, which allows us to systematically study the dependence of the TERS enhancement on the radius of the gold-coated AFM tip. The maximum TERS enhancement was achieved for the tip radius in the range of 60-75 nm in the gap mode. The coated gold layer has a strong adhesion with the silicon tip surface, which is highly stable in water, showing the great potential for application in the aqueous environment.

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Section: Ters Studymentioning

confidence: 72%

Section: Ters Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Rational fabrication of a gold-coated AFM TERS tip by pulsed electrodeposition

et al. 2015

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“…Surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) and local ized surface plasmons (LSPs) have been used to enhance the electric field, and excite higher electric and magnetic modes, leading to a series of fantastic optical phenomena and applications, [49][50][51][52] such as the surfaceenhanced Raman spectroscopy, [53] extraordinary optical transmission, [54] tip enhanced Raman spectroscopy, [55] and enhanced fluorescence spectroscopy. [56] With the development of nanotechnology, a deeper insight of SPs was further revealed, stimulating lots of active research fields, such as the quantum plasmonics, [57] graphene plasmonics, [58] Fano resonance, [59] and nonlinear nanooptics.…”

Section: Plasmonic Chiral Metamoleculesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasmonic Chiral Nanostructures: Chiroptical Effects and Applications

Luo

Chi

Jiang

et al. 2017

Advanced Optical Materials

164

122

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(circular birefringence) and absorption losses (circular dichroism) with the circu larly polarized light (CPL) illumination. [10] CB arises from the difference in the real part of refractive index, leading to a dif ferent velocity for LCP and RCP compo nents, and thus results in the polarization rotation of the linearly polarized incident light. CD corresponds to the difference in the imaginary part of refractive index, resulting in a distinct absorption loss for LCP and RCP excitations. Besides the con ventional CD and CB, asymmetric trans mission (circular conversion dichroism) is another fundamental chiroptical pheno menon, which exists in the nondiffracting array, referring to different LCPtoRCP and RCPtoLCP conversion efficiencies. [11] All of these chiroptical phenomena have been successfully applied in the spectros copy for identifying special arrangements of chiral matters in biology, chemistry and physics as efficient diagnostic tools. [12][13][14][15][16] However, the chirop tical response in natural chiral materials is relatively weak due to the small electromagnetic (EM) interaction volume, [17] hence limits its further applications.Recent progress in plasmonics paves the way for the enhancement of chiroptical response. [18][19][20] Surface plasmons (SPs), as the collective electrons oscillation at the dielectric and metal interface, [21][22][23] present the capacity of light confine ment and field enhancement, which significantly improve the strength of lightmatter interactions. [24][25][26][27][28] With the uptodate nanofabrication technology, the study field of chirality has been extended from traditional chiral molecules to 3D metallic nanostructures. [29][30][31][32] Chiroptical responses of metallic meta molecules have been widely investigated, [33][34][35] and applied in various fields, such as biosensing, [36] chiral catalysis, [37] polari zation tuning, [38] and chiral photo detection.[39] The 3D metallic structure exhibited giant optical activity response because of the strong interaction between electric and magnetic resonant modes. [40,41] Different from 3D chiral ensembles, planar chiral structures show none chiral effect, as they can always coincide with their mirror images. However, 2D chirality was successfully found in the quasitwodimensional (quasi2D) chiral structure. [42] Moreover, recent reports show that even achiral nanomaterials have the ability to generate strong CD under an oblique CPL illumination. [43] This kind of extrinsic chirality arises from sym metry breaking of the incident light and the quasi2D material, which is quite different from the intrinsic chirality of 3D chiral The plasmonic chiroptical effect has been used to manipulate chiral states of light, where the strong field enhancement and light localization in metallic nanostructures can amplify the chiroptical response. Moreover, in metamaterials, the chiroptical effect leads to circular dichroism (CD), circular birefringence (CB), and asymmetric transmission. Potential applications enabled by chiral plasmonics...

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“…While gold tips have been reported to exhibit lower enhancements compared to silver probes, they have typically better stability and lower risks of contamination/oxidation compared to the silver counterparts. 20 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

In-situfabrication of gold nanoparticle functionalized probes for tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy by dielectrophoresis

2016

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Abstract. We report the use of dielectrophoresis to fabricate in-situ probes for tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) based on Au nanoparticles. A typical conductive atomic force microscope (AFM) was used to functionalize iridium-coated conductive silicon probes with Au nanoparticles of 10-nm diameter. Suitable TERS probes can be rapidly produced (30 to 120 s) by applying a voltage of 10 Vpp at a frequency of 1 MHz. The technique has the advantage that the Au-based probes are ready for immediate use for TERS measurements, minimizing the risks of tip contamination and damage during handling. Scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy were used to confirm the quality of the probes, and used samples of p-ATP monolayers on silver substrates were used to demonstrate experimentally TERS measurements.

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Gold-coated AFM tips for tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy: theoretical calculation and experimental demonstration

Cited by 65 publications

References 44 publications

Rational fabrication of a gold-coated AFM TERS tip by pulsed electrodeposition

Rational fabrication of a gold-coated AFM TERS tip by pulsed electrodeposition

Plasmonic Chiral Nanostructures: Chiroptical Effects and Applications

In-situfabrication of gold nanoparticle functionalized probes for tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy by dielectrophoresis

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