Gold-Bipyramid-Based Nanothernostics: FRET-Mediated Protein-Specific Sialylation Visualization and Oxygen-Augmenting Phototherapy against Hypoxic Tumor

Abstract

Despite several attempts, incorporating biological detection that supplies necessary biological information into therapeutic nanotheranostics for hypoxic tumor treatments is considered to be in its infancy. It is therefore imperative to consolidate biological detection and desirable phototherapy into a single nanosystem for maximizing theranostic advantages. Herein, we develop a versatile nanoprobe through combined fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) and oxygenaugmenting strategy, namely APT, which enables glycosylation detection, O 2 self-sufficiency, and collaborative phototherapy. Such APT nanoprobes were constructed by depositing platinum onto gold nanobipyramids (Au NBPs), linking FITC fluorophore-labeled AS1411 aptamers for introducing FRET donors, and by conjugating G-quadruplex intercalated with TMPyP4 to their surfaces via the SH-DNA chain. By installing FRET acceptors on the glycan of targeted EpCAM glycoprotein using the metabolic glycan labeling and click chemistry, FRET signals appear on the cancerous cell membranes, not normal cells, when donors and acceptors are within an appropriate distance. This actualizes protein-specific glycosylation visualization while revealing glycan-based changes correlated with tumor progression. Interestingly, the deposited platinum scavenges excessive H 2 O 2 as artificial nanoenzymes to transform O 2 that alleviates tumor hypoxia and simultaneously elevates singlet oxygen ( 1 O 2 ) for inducing cancer cell apoptosis. Notably, the significant hyperthermia devastation was elicited via APT nanoprobes with phenomenal photothermal therapy (PTT) efficiency (71.8%) for thermally ablating cancer cells, resulting in synergistically enhanced photodynamic−hyperthermia therapy. Consequently, APT nanoprobes nearly actualized thorough tumor ablation while demonstrating highly curative biosafety. This work offers a new paradigm to rationally explore a combined FRET and oxygen-augmenting strategy with a focus on nanotheranostics for hypoxic tumor elimination.

Niosome-Assisted Delivery of DNA Fluorescent Probe with Optimized Strand Displacement for Intracellular MicroRNA21 Imaging

“…MCF-7, derived from breast cancer, is a widely used cancer cell line, which is reported to have a high expression of miR21 and has been used as a target cell line in many studies. The L-O2 cell line is derived from normal human hepatocytes and is often used as a negative control [ 4 , 46 , 47 , 48 ]. First, we quantified the miR21 expression level in both cells using RT-qPCR with intracellular snRNA U6 as an internal reference.…”

A TSHR-Targeting Aptamer in Monocytes Correlating with Clinical Activity in TAO

“… 20 The ability to edit aptamers has resulted in a wider range of applications, such as measuring the levels of expression level of fluorophore-labeled proteins. 21 To date, however, aptamers with high affinity towards TSHR have not been developed or utilized. The present study describes the use of SELEX to develop and optimize an aptamer targeting TSHR and to evaluate the ability of this anti-TSHR aptamer to determine the stage of TAO and to develop objective criteria that could be used to determine a precise therapeutic strategy for patients with this condition.…”

Stable Hybrid Nanocapsules with Gold Nanorods and Cyanine Dyes for Near‐Infrared Photothermal Ablation of Subcutaneous Tumor

“…[6][7][8][9] Gold not only has excellent chemical inertness, but also can be prepared into different geometry. [10][11][12][13][14] The LSPR absorption of gold nanorods can be adjusted by controlling the aspect ratios. [15,16] Near-infrared (NIR) photothermal therapy has the advantages of strong penetration, short treatment cycle, and DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202300066 low invasiveness.…”