Goiter and Its Associated Factors among Adolescent High School Girls at Tach Armachiho District, Northwest Ethiopia: An Institution-Based Cross-Sectional Study

Mesfin, Belaynew; Misganaw, Bisrat; Hunegnaw, Melkamu Tamir; Muhammad, Esmael Ali

doi:10.1155/2020/3695952

Cited by 5 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(31 reference statements)

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“…We failed to show an association between iodine status and thyroid goiter in the univariate logistic analysis, but we did find that residents living in rural areas were more likely to have goiter after adjusting for multiple associated factors. This result was in line with the findings of a previous study conducted in Ethiopia, which indicated that high school girls living in rural areas had an increased odds of thyroid goiter than those living in urban settings ( 25 ). The higher prevalence of thyroid goiter in rural residents may be related to a lack of education.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Iodine nutritional status, the prevalence of thyroid goiter and nodules in rural and urban residents: a cross-sectional study from Guangzhou, China

Yan

You

Wang

et al. 2021

Endocrine Connections

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Objectives A variety of factors differed between rural and urban areas may further influence iodine status and thyroid structure. Hence, this study compared iodine nutrition, the prevalence of thyroid goiter, and nodules between rural and urban residents in Guangzhou, a southern coastal city of China. Methods A total of 1211 rural residents and 1305 urban residents were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. A questionnaire regarding personal characteristics was administered. Urinary iodine concentration (UIC) was examined. Ultrasonography of the thyroid was performed to evaluate thyroid goiter and nodules. Multiple logistic analysis was used to identify the potential associated factors. Results The median UIC was significantly lower in rural residents than in urban residents (120.80 μg/L vs 136.00 μg/L, P < 0.001). Although the coverage rate of iodized salt was much higher in rural residents than in urban residents (99.59% vs 97.29%, P < 0.001), the percentages of seafood intake (8.60% vs 29.29%, P < 0.001), iodine-containing drug consumption (0.33% vs 1.24%, P = 0.011), and iodine contrast medium injection (0.58% vs 1.87%, P = 0.004) were lower in rural residents than in urban residents. Both the prevalence of thyroid goiters and nodules was significantly higher in rural residents than in urban residents (goiter: 8.06% vs 1.20%, P < 0.001; nodules: 61.89% vs 55.04%, P = 0.023). Living in rural areas was associated with thyroid goiter (OR 5.114, 95% CI 2.893–9.040, P < 0.001). Conclusions There were differences in iodine nutrition and the prevalence of thyroid goiter and nodules in rural and urban residents in Guangzhou. Differentiated and specialized monitoring is recommended in our area.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Iodine nutritional status, the prevalence of thyroid goiter and nodules in rural and urban residents: a cross-sectional study from Guangzhou, China

Yan

You

Wang

et al. 2021

Endocrine Connections

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“…ere is an inconsistency of findings in Ethiopia, and no studies have been done using the titration method in the current study area. Furthermore, the study area has a high prevalence of goiter, implying that iodized salt utilization will be poor [35,36]. erefore, this study used gold standard IDTM to assess the prevalence of adequately iodized salt usage and associated factors at the HH level in Tachar Amchio district, Northwest Ethiopia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adequately Iodized Salt Utilization and Associated Factors among Households in Tach Armachio District, Northwest Ethiopia: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study

Mamo

Derso

Nigatu

2021

Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism

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Background. For the synthesis of thyroid hormones, iodine is a crucial trace element. Iodine deficiency disorders affect all groups particularly: pregnant, young women and children. Iodine deficiency disorder has been recognized as a serious public health issue in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study planned to assess iodized salt utilization and associated factors at the household level. Methods. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from January 25 to February 24, 2019, in Tach Armachio district, Northwest Ethiopia. A single population proportion formula was used to calculate the sample size and a total of 555 households were sampled. A multistage sampling technique was conducted to select the household. An iodometric titration method was performed. A structured, pretested, and face-to-face interview questionnaire was used to collect data; then, it was entered in Epi Info 7 and exported to SPSS version 25 for analysis. Bivariable and multivariable analyses were done to identify predictor variables. A 95% confidence interval and adjusted odd ratio were reported. P values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant in the multivariable analysis. Results. This study showed that iodized salt was adequately utilized by 61.1% (CI = 57%–65%) of households. Good knowledge of iodine deficiency disorder (AOR = 2.25, 95% CI = (1.44, 3.50)), keeping salt in the kitchen house away from fire (AOR = 5.09, 95% CI = (3.25, 7.98)), buying packed salt [AOR = 1.89, 95% CI = (1.12, 3.19)), keeping salt in a covered container (AOR = 2.18, 95% CI = (1.24, 3.81)), and exposing salt to sunlight (AOR = 0.39, 95% CI = (0.23, 0.65)) were significantly associated. Conclusion. In the district, adequately iodized salt utilization was low. Therefore, it is necessary to enforce the current law for merchants to sell iodized packed salt and teach the community how to handle it.

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“…In this review, the overall pooled prevalence of adequate iodine level of iodized dietary salt in households in Ethiopia was 44.37% (95% CI: 35.85–52.88) and the prevalence ranges from 17.5 ( 19 ) to 73% ( 20 ) ( Fig. 2 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 86%

Iodine concentration level of iodized dietary salt and its associated factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Muche

Kabthymer

Hailu

et al. 2022

European Thyroid Journal

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Background: Iodine Deficiency Disorder (IDD) is a major public health problem in Ethiopia. The availability of adequate iodized dietary salt at the household level is immensely important. Hence, this review aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of adequate iodine concentration level of iodized dietary salt at the household level and its associated factors in Ethiopia. Methods: We searched the literature using electronic databases (PubMed/Medline, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and Embase) and gray literature from January 09 up to February 25, 2022. The rapid test kit (RTK) was used to measure the adequacy of iodine level of dietary salt. The quality of studies was assessed using Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal tool. Heterogeneity between studies was checked using I2 test statistics and publication bias was checked using funnel plot and Egger’s statistical test at 5% significance level. A random-effects model was employed to estimate the pooled prevalence of the outcome variable and its determinants in Ethiopia. Results: The search identified 149 studies of which 18 studies were included with a total of 10,556 participants. The pooled prevalence of adequate iodine level of iodized salt in Ethiopia was 44.37% (95%CI: 35.85-52.88). Women who had formal education (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) =1.99 (95%CI: 1.47-2.48)), good knowledge of women (AOR=2.14, 95% CI: 1.36-3.36), packed iodized salt (AOR=3.85 (95%CI: 1.88-7.87)) and storage of iodized salt at home for less than two months (AOR= 2.66 (95%CI: 2.11-3.35) were the significant factors. Conclusion: This review suggests that the pooled prevalence of adequate iodine levels was low. Our finding highlights the need for considering the educational status, knowledge, and duration of salt storage to enhance the prevalence of adequate levels of iodized salt at the national level.

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Goiter and Its Associated Factors among Adolescent High School Girls at Tach Armachiho District, Northwest Ethiopia: An Institution-Based Cross-Sectional Study

Cited by 5 publications

References 26 publications

Iodine nutritional status, the prevalence of thyroid goiter and nodules in rural and urban residents: a cross-sectional study from Guangzhou, China

Iodine nutritional status, the prevalence of thyroid goiter and nodules in rural and urban residents: a cross-sectional study from Guangzhou, China

Adequately Iodized Salt Utilization and Associated Factors among Households in Tach Armachio District, Northwest Ethiopia: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study

Iodine concentration level of iodized dietary salt and its associated factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis

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