Going the Distance

Bois, Steve N. Du; Sher, Tamara Goldman; Grotkowski, Karolina; Aizenman, Talia; Slesinger, Noël; Cohen, Mariana

doi:10.1177/1066480715616580

Cited by 26 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 62 publications

(68 reference statements)

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“…Being married or cohabiting with partner was a protective factor against psychological suffering with a medium effect size, as has usually been found in the literature (Frech and Williams, 2007;Kalmijn, 2017), while being in a relationship but not cohabiting was an important risk factor, also in line with research reporting on the positive effects of cohabiting (e.g., Kalmijn, 2017). For people in relationships but not cohabiting, the home confinement situation may resemble that of a longdistance relationship, which studies have linked to increased individual and relationship stress (Du Bois et al, 2016) and to possible disruption of psychobiological linkage between partners (Diamond, 2019). Since technology-mediated communications have proved beneficial in separated couples (Tong and Walther, 2011;Carter and Renshaw, 2016), these should be an obvious recommendation to alleviate the impact of the health crisis.…”

Section: Variablessupporting

confidence: 74%

Psychological Impact and Associated Factors During the Initial Stage of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic Among the General Population in Spain

2020

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The outbreak of COVID-19 in Spain started at the end of February. By 9th April 2020 Spain was the second country in confirmed cases and in deaths. On March 14, 2020, the Spanish Government declared the state of alarm to limit viral transmission. During such state, citizens must stay confined at home with few justified exceptions. This whole situation drastically changed the life of the population, which can cause a wide range of psychosocial impacts. This study explored the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the general adult population (N = 3055) during the first stages of the outbreak in Spain, as well as their anxiety, stress and depression levels. We also examined the extent to which the following variables were associated to participants' mental health: (1) demographics; (2) degree of concern about the pandemic; (3) environmental conditions during the home confinement, (4) changes in daily life as a consequence of the pandemic; (5) contact with the COVID-19 disease; (6) actual and perceived severity of the crisis; (7) information about the COVID-19, (8) perceived health status and (9) leisure activities conducted within the last 24 h. Our results show that Spanish consider the current COVID-19 health crisis as fairly severe, and the majority felt that the COVID-19 crisis had greatly impacted on their daily life, including changes in their daily routines and cancelation of important activities. About 36% of the participants reported moderate to severe psychological impact, 25% showed mild to severe levels of anxiety, 41% reported depressive symptoms, and 41% felt stressed. Women, young, and those who that lost their job during the health crisis showed the strongest negative psychological symptoms. What worried Spaniards the most was the likelihood of suffering an economic crisis derived from the pandemic. We found factors associated with better mental health, such as being satisfied with the information received about the health crisis, conducting leisure activities, and the perception of being in good health. These findings can be used to design psychological interventions to help coping with COVID-19 pandemic, both in Spain and other countries.

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Section: Variablessupporting

confidence: 74%

Psychological Impact and Associated Factors During the Initial Stage of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic Among the General Population in Spain

2020

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“…However, this may be due to unique sample characteristics. A related, published paper using these same data noted that a large proportion of this sample-those in long-distance relationships-reported unexpected insignificant associations between relationship stress and individual health (Du Bois et al, 2016). This may be due to the particularly resilient nature of those in long-distance relationships-an assertion that has since been empirically supported in other studies using other samples (e.g., Du Bois et al, 2022).…”

Section: Core Findingsmentioning

confidence: 59%

“…We combined these items to form a new measure of romantic relationship stress-the RRSS. We administered the RRSS to a sample from a broader study investigating relationships and health (Du Bois et al, 2016). Using those data, we report sample demographics; RRSS descriptives; and, results of exploratory factor analysis and analyses of scale reliability and validity.…”

Section: The Present Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploratory Factor Analysis of the Romantic Relationship Stress Scale

et al. 2023

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Stress is inherent to romantic relationships. Current relationship scales measure individual stress, relationship conflict, and relationship happiness. However, no known empirically supported scale exists that comprehensively measures romantic relationship stress. We reviewed the extant theory, empirical findings, and measures within the broad category of relationship stress. Using this information, we created the Romantic Relationship Stress Scale (RRSS)—a three-part, 29-item measure. We administered the measure to married individuals ( N = 296) in either a proximal or long-distance relationship, in the context of a larger study. An exploratory factor analysis was performed on RRSS responses, using principal axis factoring with an oblique rotation. A three-factor solution was derived, representing the factors of relational negativity, stressful relationship events, and relational positivity. These factors explained 67.7% of the variance in RRSS responses, and were correlated in the expected directions. The overall scale alpha was 0.93, and subscale alphas ranged from 0.65–0.91. The RRSS demonstrated convergent validity; scores were positively correlated to scores on a widely used measure of individual stress. The RRSS discriminated between those in proximal versus long-distance relationships. Overall, the RRSS appears to be psychometrically sound, and can be considered for use in both research and clinical settings.

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“…The current study measured romantic relationship stress using Du Bois’ and colleagues’ (2016) 25-item Romantic Relationship Stress Scale. This scale has four parts.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An example item includes: “My relationship helps to relieve my daily stress.” Each statement is anchored by 1 = never to 7 = always . Each part of the scale has shown to be highly reliable with Cronbach’s α > .76, with Part 2 = .88 (Du Bois et al., 2016). The overall mean of this scale was M = 2.66 ( SD = .92) with a Cronbach’s α = .86.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram: Simultaneously examining the association between three social networking sites and relationship stress and satisfaction.

Delle¹,

Clayton²,

Jackson³

et al. 2023

Psychology of Popular Media

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With the evolving normalcy of sharing personal information online and utilizing communication technology as a means to talk to other users, more research is required concerning the impact of social media, or social networking sites (SNSs), on romantic relationship health and stability. This study uses the systemictransactional model of dyadic coping to assess the association between Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram usage with romantic relationship stress and romantic relationship satisfaction. Two hundred and eleven participants with Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram accounts, aged 18 to 46 (M = 21.01, SD = 3.16), and who were predominantly heterosexual (80%) Caucasian (61%) women (72%), completed an online survey questionnaire. Analysis of three mediation models using bootstrapping methods revealed that active Twitter and Instagram usage but not active Facebook usage is negatively associated with romantic relationship satisfaction through increased romantic relationship stress. This study extends previous research regarding SNS usage and romantic relationship outcomes by examining three SNSs simultaneously and by using more general measures of relationship stress and satisfaction. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed. Public Policy Relevance StatementWith the normalcy of using social networking sites in everyday life, interpersonal relationships have adapted to more mediated communication. While this may be helpful to keep in touch with friends and family, a growing body of research shows that increased SNS use can be detrimental to romantic relationships due to the various functions that a social media platform provides. Our data suggest that when individuals in relationships regularly use the active features (e.g., posting, commenting, direct messaging) on Twitter and Instagram, they may experience increased stress and decreased satisfaction in their relationship.

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Going the Distance

Cited by 26 publications

References 62 publications

Psychological Impact and Associated Factors During the Initial Stage of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic Among the General Population in Spain

Psychological Impact and Associated Factors During the Initial Stage of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic Among the General Population in Spain

Exploratory Factor Analysis of the Romantic Relationship Stress Scale

Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram: Simultaneously examining the association between three social networking sites and relationship stress and satisfaction.

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