Going subnational: Wage differentials across levels of government in Brazil, Mexico, and Uruguay

Baez, Maria Josefina; Brassiolo, Pablo; Estrada, Ricardo; Fajardo, Gustavo

doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2022.106085

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2024

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“…Regarding the distribution of personnel, 15 percent of public employees work for the national government, 32 percent work at the state level and 53 percent at municipal level. Wages in the public sector are higher than in the private sector at all levels of government, but there is some heterogeneity: state and federal employees enjoy higher wages than municipal ones, even after controlling for individual-specific heterogeneity (Baez et al 2021).…”

Section: Contextmentioning

confidence: 97%

Bureaucratic Turnover Across Levels of Government

Brassiolo,

Estrada,

Fajardo

2024

Economía

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The incidence of patronage can vary widely across levels of government within a country. We present evidence of this in the context of Brazil, which has been the focus of most recent research on patronage. In particular, we find that bureaucratic turnover follows political cycles among municipal employees, but not among state or federal level employees. This is not driven by differences across levels of government in the composition of the workforce or in the labor regimes used. Thus, the most likely explanation is differences in institutional quality. Supporting the relevance of this channel, we find that post-electoral turnover is higher in municipalities with lower levels of institutional quality.

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Section: Contextmentioning

confidence: 97%