Going Natural: Using polymers from nature for gastroresistant applications

Barbosa, Joao A.C.; Conway, Barbara R.; Merchant, Hamid A.

doi:10.5920/bjpharm.2017.01

Cited by 19 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…Fewer GI symptoms (~ 45.1%) were reported with the delayed-release capsules, and the overall severity was reduced (~ 47.1%) when compared to the aqueous solution. Interestingly, reductions in GI symptoms were due to gastric but not intestinal symptoms, a finding that has been suggested in the relevant literature [15]. Gastrointestinal symptoms were negated with the delayed-release capsules, with a reduction in the most severe symptom experienced up to 3 h following supplementation (Table 1).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

“…Since changes of ~ 1 mmol L −1 in bicarbonate concentration can positively affect performance [26], delayed-release NaHCO 3 may elicit superior ergogenicity. In contrast to the aqueous solution, bicarbonate absorption did not commence immediately following capsule ingestion, suggesting that the delayed-release capsules were effective [15, 30]. This result indicates that the capsules achieved disintegration in the intestine, which had the effect of lengthening (+ 48.3 min) the time to reach peak bicarbonate concentration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Polymeric-coated compounds can resist gastric degradation and reduce GI symptoms provoked by acid sensitive compounds, such as NaHCO 3 [15]. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, contained in delayed-release capsules, can resist degradation in acidic environments (pH ~ 1–2 arbitrary units (AU)), and therefore, provides gastro-resistant properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Given that less bicarbonate is lost in the stomach, it has also been suggested that smaller doses may produce comparable acid-base changes to larger doses [16]. In contrast, as gut transit time is reduced with gastro-resistant formulations [15], this may reduce bicarbonate bioavailability when administered in this form. No study to date has examined the use of delayed-release NaHCO 3 on markers of GI distress, nor on bicarbonate bioavailability and subsequent blood acid-base responses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Novel Ingestion Strategy for Sodium Bicarbonate Supplementation in a Delayed-Release Form: a Randomised Crossover Study in Trained Males

et al. 2019

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BackgroundSodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) is a well-established nutritional ergogenic aid, though gastrointestinal (GI) distress is a common side-effect. Delayed-release NaHCO3 may alleviate GI symptoms and enhance bicarbonate bioavailability following oral ingestion, although this has yet to be confirmed.MethodsIn a randomised crossover design, pharmacokinetic responses and acid-base status were compared following two forms of NaHCO3, as were GI symptoms. Twelve trained healthy males (mean ± SD age 25.8 ± 4.5 years, maximal oxygen uptake () 58.9 ± 10.9 mL kg min−1, height 1.8 ± 0.1 m, body mass 82.3 ± 11.1 kg, fat-free mass 72.3 ± 10.0 kg) underwent a control (CON) condition and two experimental conditions: 300 mg kg−1 body mass NaHCO3 ingested as an aqueous solution (SOL) and encased in delayed-release capsules (CAP). Blood bicarbonate concentration, pH and base excess (BE) were measured in all conditions over 180 min, as were subjective GI symptom scores.ResultsIncidences of GI symptoms and overall severity were significantly lower (mean difference = 45.1%, P < 0.0005 and 47.5%, P < 0.0005 for incidences and severity, respectively) with the CAP than with the SOL. Symptoms displayed increases at 40 to 80 min post-ingestion with the SOL that were negated with CAP (P < 0.05). Time to reach peak bicarbonate concentration, pH and BE were significantly longer with CAP than with the SOL.ConclusionsIn summary, CAP can mitigate GI symptoms induced with SOL and should be ingested earlier to induce similar acid-base changes. Furthermore, CAP may be more ergogenic in those who experience severe GI distress with SOL, although this warrants further investigation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Novel Ingestion Strategy for Sodium Bicarbonate Supplementation in a Delayed-Release Form: a Randomised Crossover Study in Trained Males

et al. 2019

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“…Novel ingestion strategies are being investigated to alleviate GI symptoms, such as the administration of NaHCO 3 in gastro-resistant capsules (Hilton et al 2019a). Through the application of an enteric coating, which resists dissolution at a low pH (e.g., stomach), acid-sensitive ingredients such as NaHCO 3 can bypass the stomach (Barbosa et al 2017). Consequently, this reduces the neutralisation of gastric acid and minimises adverse side-effects (e.g., GI symptoms associated with elevated carbon dioxide tension in the GI tract).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enteric-coated sodium bicarbonate supplementation improves high-intensity cycling performance in trained cyclists

et al. 2020

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Purpose Enteric-coated sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO 3) can attenuate gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms following acute bicarbonate loading, although the subsequent effects on exercise performance have not been investigated. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of enteric-coated NaHCO 3 supplementation on high-intensity exercise performance and GI symptoms. Methods Eleven trained male cyclists completed three 4 km time trials after consuming; a placebo or 0.3 g•kg-1 body mass NaHCO 3 in enteric-coated or gelatin capsules. Exercise trials were timed with individual peak blood bicarbonate ion concentration ([HCO 3-]). Blood acid-base balance was measured pre-ingestion, pre-exercise, and post-exercise, whereas GI symptoms were recorded pre-ingestion and immediately pre-exercise. Results Pre-exercise blood [HCO3 − ] and potential hydrogen (pH) were greater for both NaHCO 3 conditions (P < 0.0005) when compared to placebo. Performance time was faster with enteric-coated (− 8.5 ± 9.6 s, P = 0.044) and gelatin (− 9.6 ± 7.2 s, P = 0.004) NaHCO 3 compared to placebo, with no significant difference between conditions (mean difference = 1.1 ± 5.3 s, P = 1.000). Physiological responses were similar between conditions, although blood lactate ion concentration was higher with gelatin NaHCO 3 (2.4 ± 1.7 mmol•L-1 , P = 0.003) compared with placebo. Furthermore, fewer participants experienced GI symptoms with enteric-coated (n = 3) compared to gelatin (n = 7) NaHCO 3. Discussion Acute enteric-coated NaHCO 3 consumption mitigates GI symptoms at the onset of exercise and improves subsequent 4 km cycling TT performance. Athletes who experience GI side-effects after acute bicarbonate loading may, therefore, benefit from enteric-coated NaHCO 3 supplementation prior to exercise performance.

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Inhibition of Metal-Polyphenol Complex in Tea Fortified with Encapsulated Iron

Baldelli,

Arrieta,

Pratap-Singh

2024

Food Bioprocess Technol

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Fortifying tea with iron faces the formation of a blue complex between iron and polyphenols. These technical challenges were circumvented by encapsulating iron sulphate with walls of whey proteins and Eudraguard via spray drying. Three types of capsules were generated based on the quantity of enclosed iron, 5.1, 7.7, or 10.0 mg; the quantity of iron is proportional to the complex formation. The encapsulation process enhanced iron absorption by 73% compared to free iron. The iron-polyphenol complex formation in gallic acid and black tea solution was studied. The complex formation in two buffers, 2-(N-Morpholino)ethane sulfonic acid (MES), and [piperazine-N, N′-bis(2-ethanesulfonic acid)] (PIPES), in two pH, 5.5 and 6.6, and the situations of buffered and unbuffered gallic acid in 0.3 mM ferrous sulphate solution was analyzed. The most stable solutions were gained with gallic acid in MES at pH 5.5 and 6.6 and PIPES at 6.6.

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Going Natural: Using polymers from nature for gastroresistant applications

Cited by 19 publications

References 87 publications

A Novel Ingestion Strategy for Sodium Bicarbonate Supplementation in a Delayed-Release Form: a Randomised Crossover Study in Trained Males

A Novel Ingestion Strategy for Sodium Bicarbonate Supplementation in a Delayed-Release Form: a Randomised Crossover Study in Trained Males

Enteric-coated sodium bicarbonate supplementation improves high-intensity cycling performance in trained cyclists

Inhibition of Metal-Polyphenol Complex in Tea Fortified with Encapsulated Iron

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