Going nano with protic ionic liquids—the synthesis of carbon coated Li 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 nanoparticles encapsulated in a carbon matrix for high power lithium-ion batteries

Gadolinium/chloride co-doping of lithium vanadium phosphate cathodes for lithium-ion batteries

“…5(a), all the co-doped samples displayed three distinct plateaus. This indicates the lithiation/ delithiation process involves three steps, which is in good agreement with the redox peaks in the CV curves [38,40]. The electrochemical performance of the Li 3 V 1.98 Gd 0.02 (PO 4 ) 3 -x / 3 Cl x sample with x = 0.02 was better than that of the other samples.…”

“…As illustrated in Fig. 5(d), all three lithium ions were extracted from LVP when the cells were charged up to 4.8 V vs. Li/Li + [38]. The rate performance the Li 3 V 1.98 Gd 0.02 (PO 4 ) 3 -x / 3 Cl x (x = 0.02) sample is best.…”

“…4. The scanning speed was 0.1 mV/s − 1 and the scan voltage range was 3.0-4.8 V. The CV curves of all the samples are composed of three pairs of oxidation-reduction peaks and an additional oxidation peak, which corresponds to Li + extraction and insertion [38]. After co-doping, the curves do not change to any great extent, indicating that Gd 3+ and Cl − co-doping does not affect the electrochemical reaction process of LVP and the samples follow the same reaction mechanism as that of LVP.…”

Carbon wrapped hierarchical Li3V2(PO4)3 microspheres for high performance lithium ion batteries

“…To date, different approaches have been reported to synthesize carbon based nanocomposites, such as templating against carbon nanotubes and graphene6789, surface coating101112, and in situ conversion from organic precursors1314. In general, the obtained carbon based nanocomposites are of high quality and show enhanced electrochemical properties, including high capacity, good rate capability and cycling stability15161718.…”

Nanocomposite LiFePO4·Li3V2(PO4)3/C synthesized by freeze-drying assisted sol-gel method and its magnetic and electrochemical properties

“…LVP is a relatively fast ionic conductor with high potential platform and thermal stability [14][15][16], which is expected to improve electrochemical performances of LFP. Previous studies [17][18][19][20] have shown that xLFP·yLVP/C has better specific capacity, cyclic stability and rate capability than pristine LiFePO 4 /C (LFP/C).…”