Going for mainstream deammonification from bench to full scale for maximized resource efficiency

Wett, Bernhard; Omari, Ahmed Al; Podmirseg, Sabine Marie; Han, Moonsik; Akintayo, O.; Gómez-Brandòn, María; Murthy, Sudhir; Bott, Charles; Hell, Martin; Takács, Imre; Nyhuis, G.; O’Shaughnessy, Maureen

doi:10.2166/wst.2013.150

Cited by 193 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Interestingly, these bacteria are slightly denser than activated sludge and so accumulate in the denser and faster settling fraction of activated sludge (Winkler et al, 2011). This has led to the use of hydro-cyclones on waste activated sludge streams, wasting only the light fraction of activated sludge and returning the denser fraction to the reactor (Wett et al, 2013). In this way the anammox bacteria are retained, accumulate in the activated sludge and can make a considerable contribution to the N removal.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

REVIEW - Recent developments in biological nutrient removal

Ekama¹

2015

WSA

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Biological nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) removal from municipal wastewater with the activated sludge (AS) system has been the preferred technology for the last 40 years. While several questions remain to be answered for more consistent, reliable and stable performance for enhanced biological P removal (EBPR), recent developments in this technology have focused on (i) increasing capacity and reducing the plant space footprint and (ii) improving N removal. To increase capacity and reduce AS system space, (a) integrated fixed-film activated sludge (IFAS), (b) external nitrification, (c) membrane, (d) aerobic granulation BNR systems and (e) more efficient N removal bioprocesses (anammox and nitrite shunt) have been developed. With IFAS, fixed media are added to the aerobic activated sludge reactor to make nitrification independent of the suspended AS sludge age. With external nitrification, nitrification is achieved in a side-stream fixed media reactor, which removes the size-defining nitrification process from the suspended AS system and halves its sludge age, improves sludge settleability and increases capacity. With membranes, secondary settling tanks are replaced with in-reactor membranes for solid-liquid separation. With aerobic granulation, the activated sludge process is controlled to form fastsettling granules comprising heterotrophs, nitrifiers, denitrifiers and phosphorus-accumulating organisms (PAOs) in a sequencing batch (SBR) type reactor -the granules not only settle fast but the SBR-type operation also removes the need for secondary settling tanks allowing higher reactor solids concentrations and hence smaller reactors. To achieve N removal more efficiently, methods are being developed to (i) short-circuit nitrification-denitrification (ND) by preventing nitrate formation and enforcing ND over nitrite -this requires less oxygen and organics than ND over nitrate allowing lower N concentrations to be achieved for the same influent organics concentration and oxygen supply, and (ii) encouraging the growth of anammox bacteria in the activated sludge which remove N autotrophically by combining ammonia and nitrite to form nitrogen gas -this halves oxygen demand for nitrification and requires no organics. These recent developments in BNR technology are briefly reviewed in this paper.

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Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

REVIEW - Recent developments in biological nutrient removal

Ekama¹

2015

WSA

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“…One of the biggest challenges for implementation of this technology in the waterline of a sewage treatment plant is the temperature of the wastewater; in moderate climates the wastewater temperature reaches 10°C during winter. Lab-and pilot-scale research on the mainstream application of anammox is currently pursued worldwide [9][10][11][12]. These studies usually focus on the full PN/A processes or actual wastewater, making it difficult to evaluate the exact contribution of the anammox conversion as well as the intrinsic impact of temperature on the anammox population.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deterioration of the anammox process at decreasing temperatures and long SRTs

Hoekstra

Weerd

Kleerebezem

et al. 2017

Environmental Technology

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The implementation of autotrophic nitrogen removal in the mainstream of a municipal wastewater treatment plant is currently pursued. Among the crucial unknown factors are the kinetic properties of anaerobic ammonium oxidising (anammox) bacteria at low temperatures. In this study we investigated the adaptation of a fast-growing anammox culture to a lower temperature. In a membrane bioreactor a highly enriched anammox community was obtained at 30°C, 25°C and 20°C. This culture was exposed to long-and short-term temperature changes. In short-term experiments the decrease in biomass-specific activity due to decrease in temperature can be described by an activation energy of 64 ± 28 kJ mol −1 . Prolonged cultivation (months) implies that cultivation at low temperatures resulted in deterioration of biomass-specific activity (Ea The reason for the deterioration of the system was related to the required long SRT in the system. The long SRT leads to an increase of non-active and non-anammox cells in the reactor, thereby decreasing the biomass-specific activity.ARTICLE HISTORY

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“…Among many configurations of the full-scale processes based on anammox, the installations of one-stage combined partial nitriation-anammox (CPNA) process have become more popular [7][8][9] due to the less investment and operation costs, simpler reactor control and operation, better prevention of nitrite inhibition and advantage on reducing N 2 O emission [10,11]. However, it was reported that numerous full-scale CPNA systems faced the problem of nitrate build-up in the effluent reaching to more than 100 mgN L −1 [12], which was caused by the bloom of nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At Plettenberg WWTP, Germany, increasing nitrate concentrations were observed in the effluent of a deammonification plant after stable operation for several months, finally the overall nitrogen removal rate was decreased from 80% to 40%, and the growing activity of NOB was proved to be the immediate cause [13]. Therefore the key of controlling nitrate build-up for successful application of the CPNA process is the effective suppression or wash out of NOB, because high population of NOB in the suspended biomass or biofilm system will break down the stable partial nitritation resulting in the nitrate build-up, and then deteriorate nitrogen removal performance [8,14,15]. Besides, the growth of anammox bacteria will be limited seriously as high population of NOB competes for nitrite with the anammox bacteria.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%