Gobius salamansa, a new species of goby (Gobiidae) from the Cape Verde Islands supported by a unique cephalic lateral line system and DNA barcoding

Abstract

Gobius salamansa sp. nov., a new species of tropical eastern Atlantic goby (Teleostei: Gobiidae: Gobiinae) is described from the island of São Vicente in the Republic of Cabo Verde. With adults measuring less than 35 mm TL (total length) it is the smallest species among Gobius. It is easily distinguishable from its AtlanticoMediterranean congeners thanks to a unique character: an additional posterior ocular head pore, newly named a', part of the anterior oculoscapular canal and connected to pore a by a suborbital branch. The new species also possesses a rare character among gobiids: a continuous oculoscapular canal, undivided into anterior and posterior parts. The species is distinguishable from its relatives thanks to its distinctive multi-colored (white, red, black, yellow and brown) eyespot, located on the first dorsal fin; by a low number of soft rays on the second dorsal fin (11) and anal fin (9); by row r not divided into two sections; by a divided row d. The two type of specimens were collected at 0.2-0.6 m depth, at the entrance of cracks in compact volcanic boulders forming a rocky islet submerged at high tide. DNA barcoding based on COI of the species compared with sympatric gobiids and species of AtlanticoMediterranean Gobius reveals a high nucleotide sequence divergence [Kimura's (1980) two parameter distances of 16.5 %)], with Gobius ateriformis identified as its closest species. A dichotomous key for Gobius-Mauligobius from tropical eastern Atlantic is provided. It is the eleventh gobiid species, and the fourth endemic species, to be described in Cape Verde.

Zebrus pallaoroi sp. nov.: a new species of goby (Actinopterygii: Gobiidae) from the Mediterranean Sea with a dna-based phylogenetic analysis of the Gobius-lineage

“…The interspecific differentiation on mitochondrial dna is in general considerably high in the Gobius-lineage. Genetic distances observed between species of the genus Gobius ranged from 10 to 23% (Iglésias et al, 2016;. The intergeneric genetic distances between genera of the Gobius-lineage observed in our study are in a similar range, being from 11 to 27.2% (table 3).…”

Restructuring of the ‘Macaronesia’ biogeographic unit: A marine multi-taxon biogeographical approach

“…sargus (Linnaeus, 1758) clade 83 ; the bulldog Virididentex acromegalus (Osório, 1911), the sole representative of this endemic monotypic genus; the black banded drummer Girella stuebeli Troschel, 1866, the only species of this Indo-Pacific genus in the Atlantic Ocean and considered a palaeo-endemic 84 ; and the Cape damsel Similiparma hermani (Steindachner, 1887), another presumed palaeo-endemic, with a Macaronesian representative, Similiparma lurida (Cuvier, 1830) 85 , and whose nearest relatives are in the Eastern Pacific Ocean 49,52,86 . In addition, about half of the small crypto-benthic fishes are endemic to Cabo Verde waters 8 , with newly described endemic species, such as the labrisomid Malacoctenus carrowi 87 , or the gobies Gobius salamansa 88 and Didogobius janetarum 89 . New species, including endemic ones, are being discovered regularly in all these groups.…”

A new species of Pomatoschistus (Teleostei, Gobiidae): the Mediterranean's smallest marine fish

“…In addition to morphological examinations, DNA barcoding was used to verify the identification and distinctiveness of P. nanus. DNA barcoding has a proven utility for species identification throughout all major fish taxa, including gobiid species (Ward et al, 2005(Ward et al, , 2008Hubert et al, 2008;Steinke et al, 2009;April et al, 2011;Mabragaña et al, 2011;Cerutti-Pereyra et al, 2012;Costa et al, 2012;Zhang & Hanner, 2012;Keskin & Atar, 2013;McCusker et al, 2013;Geiger et al, 2014;Knebelsberger & Thiel, 2014;Iglesias et al, 2016). The degree of sequence divergence between two samples above a given threshold (proposed to be at least 10 times greater than within species) would indicate specific distinctness (Hebert et al, 2004).…”

“…Such cryptic diversity can contribute to undescribed species being hidden among sympatric populations (Berrebi et al, 2005;Kon et al, 2007;Knebelsberger & Thiel, 2014;Viswambharan et al, 2015;Kovačić & Šanda, 2016). Thus, in the past 10 years, 282 new gobiid species have been described (212 within Gobiinae) suggesting that considerable gobiid diversity is still largely undescribed (Iglesias et al, 2016). In addition, recent discoveries of other new gobiid species in the Mediterranean Sea indicate that this region's ichthyofauna still requires further study.…”