Goats may experience reproductive failures and shed Coxiella burnetii at two successive parturitions after a Q fever infection

Berri, Mustapha; Rousset, Élodie; Champion, Jean-Luc; Russo, Pierre; Rodolakis, Annie

doi:10.1016/j.rvsc.2006.11.001

Cited by 130 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Low levels of C. burnetii DNA were also detected in milk (C T Ͼ30.5), which fits with the prevailing opinion among experts that sheep shed lower burdens of C. burnetii in milk than do cows and goats (3). We also confirmed that vaginal and fecal shedding durations varied among ewes (17,20) and that shedding may be discontinuous, as in goats (19,23,25,26,37) and cows (18,24). The latter finding suggests that the number of C. burnetii shedders may be underestimated if only one shedding route is investigated and/or if the animals are not repeatedly tested over time.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

“…However, longitudinal follow-up studies performed on cattle (18,24) and goat (21,(25)(26)(27) farms have been particularly valuable in providing descriptive data on individual shedding patterns and revealing the factors that may affect shedding dynamics. To date, no such study exists for sheep, despite the fact that sheep are frequently associated with clusters of human Q fever cases in European countries (28)(29)(30).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Circulation of Coxiella burnetii in a Naturally Infected Flock of Dairy Sheep: Shedding Dynamics, Environmental Contamination, and Genotype Diversity

Joulié

Laroucau

Bailly

et al. 2015

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Q fever is a worldwide zoonosis caused by Coxiella burnetii. Domestic ruminants are considered to be the main reservoir. Sheep, in particular, may frequently cause outbreaks in humans. Because within-flock circulation data are essential to implementing optimal management strategies, we performed a follow-up study of a naturally infected flock of dairy sheep. We aimed to (i) describe C. burnetii shedding dynamics by sampling vaginal mucus, feces, and milk, (ii) assess circulating strain diversity, and (iii) quantify barn environmental contamination. For 8 months, we sampled vaginal mucus and feces every 3 weeks from aborting and nonaborting ewes (n ‫؍‬ 11 and n ‫؍‬ 26, respectively); for lactating females, milk was obtained as well. We also sampled vaginal mucus from nine ewe lambs. Dust and air samples were collected every 3 and 6 weeks, respectively. All samples were screened using real-time PCR, and strongly positive samples were further analyzed using quantitative PCR. Vaginal and fecal samples with sufficient bacterial burdens were then genotyped by multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (MLVA) using 17 markers. C. burnetii burdens were higher in vaginal mucus and feces than in milk, and they peaked in the first 3 weeks postabortion or postpartum. Primiparous females and aborting females tended to shed C. burnetii longer and have higher bacterial burdens than nonaborting and multiparous females. Six genotype clusters were identified; they were independent of abortion status, and within-individual genotype diversity was observed. C. burnetii was also detected in air and dust samples. Further studies should determine whether the within-flock circulation dynamics observed here are generalizable.Q fever is a widespread zoonosis caused by Coxiella burnetii, a Gram-negative intracellular bacterium that has been reported in a broad range of host species. Livestock, especially small ruminants, are the main sources of human infections (1-3). In domestic ruminants, Q fever's major clinical manifestations are abortions and stillbirths, whose occurrence may translate into significant economic losses (1, 3). In humans, C. burnetii infections range from asymptomatic to severe. Acute forms of the disease may result in high fevers and severe pneumonia or hepatitis, and chronic forms are strongly debilitating and may be fatal when endocarditis develops in patients with underlying heart disease (4-6).Animals and humans become infected essentially through the inhalation of airborne particles contaminated with C. burnetii (3,7,8). Contaminated dust particles may remain infectious for long periods of time due to the capacity of the bacterium to differentiate into highly resistant spore-like forms (9, 10). Consequently, knowledge of C. burnetii's sources and shedding dynamics is essential to assessing the risks of disease transmission and pathogen persistence. On livestock farms, C. burnetii DNA has been found in various environmental matrices, such as dust (11-13) and aerosols (14-16). However, studies that examin...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Circulation of Coxiella burnetii in a Naturally Infected Flock of Dairy Sheep: Shedding Dynamics, Environmental Contamination, and Genotype Diversity

Joulié

Laroucau

Bailly

et al. 2015

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…In another study done in northern Cyprus, 35% of bovine, 33% of sheep and 50% of goat abortion cases were positive for C. burnetii (24). Although abortions in goats due to coxiellosis occur more than in sheep (25), in this study there was no positive sample in goats and this can be due to the number of goat samples that was low and could not be properly assessed.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 59%

Detection of Coxiella burnetii in Aborted Fetuses of Cattle and Sheep Using Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay in Mashhad City, Iran

Abiri¹,

Khalili²,

Rad³

et al. 2016

Int J Enteric Pathog

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Background: Coxiella burnetii is an important intracellular pathogen that ruminants can act as primary reservoirs. Reservoirs may excrete the bacterium into the placenta, vaginal mucus and feces. Objectives: The aim of this study was to detect C. burnetii in aborted samples from ruminant flocks in Mashhad city, northeast of Iran, using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. Materials and Methods: A total number of 154 fetal tissue samples of cattle, sheep and goat were subjected to nested PCR assay. Results: Sixteen (17.3%) out of 92 samples from sheep and 15 (25%) from 60 cattle fetuses were positive. Conclusions:The results of this study indicate the presence of C. burnetii in aborted ruminants and these can be the potential reservoirs of C. burnetii in the mentioned area.

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“…However, the possibility that clinical signs of Q-fever sometimes occur cannot be overlooked, especially if the animals are subjected to stressful conditions such as advanced pregnancy. In these cases, abortion, stillbirth, retention of the placenta, placentitis, endometritis and other manifestations might be observed [34][35][36][37].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence of Q fever in farm animals in Saudi Arabia

Jarelnabi¹,

Alshaikh²,

Bakhiet³

et al. 2018

biomedicalresearch

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This study was undertaken to determine the seroprevalence of Q fever in domestic livestock in Saudi Arabia. Serum samples from 489 camels, 428 cattle, 630 sheep and 423 goats, of either sex, from different localities were tested for antibodies against C. burnetii using a Q fever indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A subsample of 307 animals of different species was simultaneously tested for C. burnetii antibodies by ELISA and indirect immunofluorescence (IFA). The overall seroprevalence was 30.71%. Prevalence by species was 51.53%, 30.67%, 34.04% and 12.38% in camels, cattle, goats and sheep, respectively. Significant differences in seroprevalence were recorded between species and locations. The prevalence was overtly higher in adult as compared to young animals. No significant difference was recorded between male and female animals. There was a close agreement between ELISA and IFA results in cattle and camels while the results of the two tests were at variance in sheep and goats. The results indicate that the domestic livestock and the camel are the source of Q fever endemicity in Saudi Arabia.

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Goats may experience reproductive failures and shed Coxiella burnetii at two successive parturitions after a Q fever infection

Cited by 130 publications

References 23 publications

Circulation of Coxiella burnetii in a Naturally Infected Flock of Dairy Sheep: Shedding Dynamics, Environmental Contamination, and Genotype Diversity

Circulation of Coxiella burnetii in a Naturally Infected Flock of Dairy Sheep: Shedding Dynamics, Environmental Contamination, and Genotype Diversity

Detection of Coxiella burnetii in Aborted Fetuses of Cattle and Sheep Using Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay in Mashhad City, Iran

Seroprevalence of Q fever in farm animals in Saudi Arabia

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