Goats foster endozoochoric dispersal of exotic species in a seasonally dry tropical forest ecosystem

Sena, Fernando Henrique de; Schulz, Katharina; Cierjacks, Arne; Falcão, Hiram Marinho; Lustosa, Bruno Melo; Almeida‐Cortez, Jarcilene Silva de

doi:10.1016/j.jaridenv.2021.104473

“…The biochar was made from trunks and branches of the Fabaceae tree Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC., which is an invasive species in the area (Sena et al 2021) and has, other than endemic Caatinga species, no restrictions in cutting. It was produced through slow pyrolysis by a local charcoal burner in a traditional way, using a clay kiln with a burrow sealed with corrugated sheet.…”

Section: Characterisation Of Substratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amending a tropical Arenosol: increasing shares of biochar and clay improve the nutrient sorption capacity

Beusch

¹

,

Melzer

²

,

Cierjacks

³

et al. 2022

Biochar

Self Cite

2

0

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Tropical Arenosols may be challenging for agricultural use, particularly in semi-arid regions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the addition of increasing shares of biochar and clay on the nutrient sorption capacity of a tropical Arenosol. In batch equilibrium experiments, the sorption of ammonium-N ($$\hbox {NH}_{4}^{+}{\text{-N}}$$ NH 4 + -N ), nitrate-N ($$\text {NO}_{3}^{-}{\text{-N}}$$ NO 3 - -N ), potassium ($$\text {K}^{+}$$ K + ), and phosphate-P ($$\text {PO}_{4}^{3-}{\text{-P}}$$ PO 4 3 - -P ) was quantified for mixtures of an Arenosol with increasing shares of biochar and clay (1%, 2.5%, 5%, 10%, 100%) and the unmixed Arenosol, biochar, and clay. The mid-temperature biochar was produced from Prosopis juliflora feedstock; the clayey material was taken from the sedimentary parent material of a temporarily dry lake. Only the Arenosol–biochar mixture with 10% biochar addition and the biochar increased the $$\text {NH}_{4}^{+}{\text{-N}}$$ NH 4 + -N maximum sorption capacity ($$q_{max}$$ q max ) of the Arenosol, by 34% and 130%, respectively. The $$q_{max}$$ q max of $$\text {PO}_{4}^{3-}{\text{-P}}$$ PO 4 3 - -P slightly increased with ascending biochar shares (1–10%) by 14%, 30%, 26%, and 42%, whereas the undiluted biochar released $$\text {PO}_{4}^{3-}{\text{-P}}$$ PO 4 3 - -P . Biochar addition slightly reduced $$\text {NO}_{3}^{-}{\text{-N}}$$ NO 3 - -N release from the Arenosol but strongly induced $$\text {K}^{+}$$ K + release. On the other hand, clay addition of 10% and clay itself augmented $$q_{max}$$ q max of $$\text {NH}_{4}^{+}{\text{-N}}$$ NH 4 + -N by 30% and 162%; ascending clay rates (1–100%) increased $$q_{max}$$ q max for $$\text {PO}_{4}^{3-}{\text{-P}}$$ PO 4 3 - -P by 78%, 130%, 180%, 268%, and 712%. Clay rates above 5% improved $$\text {K}^{+}$$ K + sorption; however, no $$q_{max}$$ q max values could be derived. Sorption of $$\text {NO}_{3}^{-}{\text{-N}}$$ NO 3 - -N remained unaffected by clay amendment. Overall, clay addition proved to enhance the nutrient sorption capacity of the Arenosol more effectively than biochar; nonetheless, both materials may be promising amendments to meliorate sandy soils for agricultural use in the semi-arid tropics.

show abstract

“…Improving our understanding of how these species move (e.g. spread or disperse [ 4 – 6 ]), establish home ranges [ 7 , 8 ], and select resources [ 8 – 10 ] over various spatiotemporal scales in novel, previously uninvaded landscapes may aid in informing control efforts [ 8 ] and identifying at-risk native species, communities, or ecosystems of concern [ 11 ]. Space use of exotic species often leads to detrimental effects on biotic (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What drives wild pig (Sus scrofa) movement in bottomland and upland forests?

Evans,

Ellison,

Boudreau

et al. 2024

Mov Ecol

0

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background The wild pig (Sus scrofa) is an exotic species that has been present in the southeastern United States for centuries yet continues to expand into new areas dominated by bottomland and upland forests, the latter of which are less commonly associated with wild pigs. Here, we aimed to investigate wild pig movement and space use attributes typically used to guide wild pig management among multiple spatiotemporal scales. Our investigation focused on a newly invaded landscape dominated by bottomland and upland forests. Methods We examined (1) core and total space use using an autocorrelated kernel density estimator; (2) resource selection patterns and hot spots of space use in relation to various landscape features using step-selection analysis; and (3) daily and hourly differences in movement patterns between non-hunting and hunting seasons using generalized additive mixed models. Results Estimates of total space use among wild pigs (n = 9) were smaller at calculated core (1.2 ± 0.3 km2) and 90% (5.2 ± 1.5 km2) isopleths than estimates reported in other landscapes in the southeastern United States, suggesting that wild pigs were able to meet foraging, cover, and thermoregulatory needs within smaller areas. Generally, wild pigs selected areas closer to herbaceous, woody wetlands, fields, and perennial streams, creating corridors of use along these features. However, selection strength varied among individuals, reinforcing the generalist, adaptive nature of wild pigs. Wild pigs also showed a tendency to increase movement from fall to winter, possibly paralleling increases in hard mast availability. During this time, there were also increases in anthropogenic pressures (e.g. hunting), causing movements to become less diurnal as pressure increased. Conclusions Our work demonstrates that movement patterns by exotic generalists must be understood across individuals, the breadth of landscapes they can invade, and multiple spatiotemporal scales. This improved understanding will better inform management strategies focused on curbing emerging invasions in novel landscapes, while also protecting native natural resources.

show abstract

“…Contemporary researches pay great attention to ecology and consortial relations of plants with frugivorous animals (Jordaan et al, 2011;Karimi et al, 2020;Sena et al, 2021), particularly, the significant role of fleshy fruits of various woody plants in the diet of forest birds has been revealed (Pesotskaya et al, 2020). The fruit structure is studied in relation to the reproduction of plant species (Lebedeva et al, 2020), dispersion of plants by hydrochory (Boedeltje et al, 2008;Favre-Bac et al, 2017;Behren von & Yeakley, 2020), genetic regulation of fruit development (Dardick & Callahan, 2014), the evolutionary and adaptive significance of fleshy fruit metabolites (Balaguera-Lopez et al, 2020;Famiani et al, 2020) and fruit scent (Nevo & Ayasse, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic treatment of morphological fruit types in plants of the class Liliopsida of the flora of Ukraine

Odintsova¹,

Fishchuk²,

Scrypec³

et al. 2021

Regul. Mech. Biosyst.

2

0

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this review, the scope of morphological diversity of fruits within the class Liliopsida belonging to the flora of Ukraine compared to the world flora diversity was analyzed. For the first time, the taxonomic diversity of monocot plants of the flora of Ukraine was analyzed, which includes 235 genera and about 1050 species, and the distribution of fruit types in the largest monocot families revealed. It was found that among monocot plants of the world flora, as also of the Ukrainian flora, more than 70% of generic and species diversity is taken up by the Orchidaceae, Poaceae, and Cyperaceae families having dry uniform fruits: inferior capsule (Orchidaceae) and one-seeded enveloped fruit (Poaceae and Cyperaceae). An annotated list of morphological fruit types was compiled for all 38 families of the natural and cultural flora of monocot plants of Ukraine. Among 12 families of the subclass Alismatidae, apocarpous polymerous or trimerous fruits, mostly with one-seeded fruitlets, occur in six families (Alismataceae, Butomaceae, Potamogetonaceae, Ruppiaceae, Scheuchzeriaceae, Zannichelliaceae). In 12 of 16 families of the subclass Liliidae, trimerous capsules are the most common (Agapanthaceae, Agavaceae, Alliaceae, Amaryllidaceae, Asphodelaceae, Colchicaceae, Hemerocallidacae, Hyacinthaceae, Iridaceae, Liliасеае, Melanthiaceae, Orchidaceae), while in six families berry-like fruit occurs in all members or in the single genus (Asparagaceae, Ruscaceae, Dioscoreaceae, Melanthiaceae (Paris), Liliасеае (Streptopus), Smilacaceae). Among 10 families of the subclass Commelinidae, in four families superior dry one-seeded fruits occur (Cyperaceae, Poaceae, Sparganiaceae, Typhaceae), while another four families have trimerous capsules (Cannaceae, Commelinaceae, Juncaceae, Pontederiaceae). In general, the most typical fruit on the familial taxonomical level is the capsule (17 families), berries occur in 10 families, aggregate fruits and one-seeded fruits are represented each in seven families, while the rarest fruit type is the schizocarp (Juncaginaceae). No monomerous follicles, poricide and operculate capsules, winged fruits and loments were found. The most controversial fruit types are found in two groups of families, for both of them the problem is the gynoecium type. These are families with one-seeded fruit (Аrасеае (Lemna), Cyperaceae, Hydrocharitaceae (Najas), Poaceae, Sparganiaceae, Typhaceae, Zosteraceae) and families with initial carpel fusion (Hydrocharitaceae (Stratiotes), Juncaginaceae, Melanthiaceae (Veratrum), Scheuchzeriaceae, Tofieldiaceae). As a result of our work, the key and the most relevant areas of carpological studies in Ukraine were defined, particularly, unifying the terminology, examination of the anatomical structure of the pericarp, revealing of the evolutionary and ecological aspects of fruit morphology.

show abstract

Goats foster endozoochoric dispersal of exotic species in a seasonally dry tropical forest ecosystem

Cited by 7 publications

References 32 publications

Amending a tropical Arenosol: increasing shares of biochar and clay improve the nutrient sorption capacity

Amending a tropical Arenosol: increasing shares of biochar and clay improve the nutrient sorption capacity

What drives wild pig (Sus scrofa) movement in bottomland and upland forests?

Systematic treatment of morphological fruit types in plants of the class Liliopsida of the flora of Ukraine

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About