Goat Milk: Compositional, Technological, Nutritional and Therapeutic Aspects: A Review

Hammam, Ahmed R. A.; Salman, Saleh M.; Elfaruk, Mohamed Salem

doi:10.18805/ajdfr.drf-261

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…The mass rate of vapor, m v (kg•h −1 ), needed for PEF + HT pasteurization (63 • C) and thermal pasteurization (HT at 72 • C) was calculated using Equation (4).…”

Section: Heat Treatment and Pef Energy Calculationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Portugal, in 2021, goat's milk accounted for only 1.46% of total milk production [3]. The unique composition and physico-chemical characteristics of goat's milk [1, [4][5][6][7] impact its behavior when subjected to processing. In fact, the heat stability of goat's milk is lower than that of cow's milk, and its coagulation pattern is highly dependent on initial pH [8], among other factors [9,10], thus being more susceptible to damage when treated with conventional thermal treatments [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Implications of Pulsed Electric Field Pre-Treatment on Goat Milk Pasteurization

Araújo,

Barbosa,

Alves

et al. 2023

Foods

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Goat milk is an interesting product from a nutritional and health standpoint, although its physico-chemical composition presents some technological challenges, mainly for being less stable than cow’s milk at high temperatures. As pasteurization and ultra-high temperature processing are universally employed to ensure milk quality and safety, non-thermal methods, such as pulsed electric fields (PEFs), reduce the microbial load and eliminate pathogens, representing an interesting alternative for processing this product. This study demonstrates how the combined use of a PEF with short thermal processing and moderate temperature can be effective and energy-efficient in goat milk processing. A combination of thermal treatment at 63 °C after a low-intensity PEF (50 µs pulses, 3 Hz, and 10 kV·cm−1) caused the same reduction effect on the population of Listeria monocytogenes (goat’s raw milk artificially spiked), as compared to a thermal treatment at 72 °C without a PEF. However, z values are significantly higher when PEF is used as a pre-treatment, suggesting that it may induce heat resistance in the survival population of L. monocytogenes. The sensitivity of L. monocytogenes to high temperatures is less pronounced in goat’s milk than cow’s milk, with a more pronounced impact of a PEF on lethality when combined with lower temperatures in goat’s milk. The effect of a PEF on Escherichia coli viability was even more pronounced. It was also observed that thermal treatment energy needs with a PEF as a pre-treatment can be reduced by at least 50% of the total energy requirements.

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“…The mass rate of vapor, m v (kg•h −1 ), needed for PEF + HT pasteurization (63 • C) and thermal pasteurization (HT at 72 • C) was calculated using Equation (4).…”

Section: Heat Treatment and Pef Energy Calculationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implications of Pulsed Electric Field Pre-Treatment on Goat Milk Pasteurization

Araújo,

Barbosa,

Alves

et al. 2023

Foods

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“…Goat milk differs from cow's milk in chemical composition, as it has higher levels of some essential nutrients, like calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin B12; it also has a higher proportion of medium-chain fatty acids, which are more easily digested by the body than the long-chain fatty acids found in cow's milk 3 . Additionally, goat milk has lower levels of lactose and a different protein structure than cow's milk, as it has a lower casein concentration than cow's milk and almost no αs1-casein making it more tolerable for people with lactose intolerance or cow's milk protein allergy 4 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Impact of mixing coriander oil with goat feed on the chemical, microbiological and sensory characterizations of bio rayeb milk

Abd-Rabou

Mansour

Matloup

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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This research aimed to investigate the properties of bio rayeb milk that results from goats fed on feed supplemented with different concentrations of coriander oil. The study design included a control treatment (C) and two coriander oil concentrations, a low level of (0.95%) T1 and a high level of (1.9%) T2. A probiotic starter culture, Direct Vat Set (DVS) of lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus and streptococcus salivarius ssp. thermophilus in the ratio (1:1) was used to prepare bio rayeb. All treatments were stored at 4 °C for 2 weeks and analyzed on day one and at the end of storage. Results showed that the coagulation time during bio rayeb manufacturing remained consistent at almost 6 h for all batches. However, using a high coriander oil level (1.90%) significantly decreased the apparent viscosity and the content of monounsaturated fatty acids. The DPPH inhibition and the content of monounsaturated fatty acids increased. The electrophoresis chromatogram exhibited a high degree of proteolysis in T2 compared to the control and T1. Microbiologically, yeast, molds, and coliforms were absent in all treatments. Feeding goats on provender supplemented with a low concentration of coriander oil may positively impact the resultant milk's technological and sensorial properties.

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“…Goat milk is a concentrated dietary source of nutrition for humans [ 1 ]. Goat milk is believed to prevent degenerative diseases [ 1 ]. Some communities consume raw goat milk [ 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serological survey of immunoglobulin G from Toxoplasma gondii infection in dairy goats in East Java, Indonesia

Fatmawati,

Suwanti,

Mufasirin

et al. 2023

Vet World

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Background and Aim: Toxoplasma gondii infection is a significant issue of veterinary public health because it is potentially transmitted through goat milk. Therefore, the use of control measures and routine monitoring of toxoplasmosis in dairy goats is necessary. Serological analysis using antibodies can detect T. gondii infection. This study aimed to conduct an epidemiological study of T. gondii in dairy goats using antibody detection and risk factor identification. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. We performed a serological analysis of T. gondii infection in dairy goats to evaluate the prevalence of toxoplasmosis. Random sampling was performed, including 132 lactating dairy goats. Toxoplasma-modified agglutination test was used as a serological test for immunoglobulin G with a sensitivity of 98.55%, specificity of 86.21%, and accuracy of 94.9%. A structured questionnaire was used to collect risk factor data, which were analyzed using the Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests. The statistical package for the social sciences v. 21 was used for statistical analyses. Results: The seroprevalence of T. gondii in Malang and Lumajang Regency was 100% and 90.7%, respectively. A significant difference in prevalence of T. gondii was observed between the two districts. Livestock management practices that significantly influenced T. gondii seroprevalence included water sources (p < 0.05; relative risk [RR] = 1.151; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.044-1.269). Farmers’ characteristics that significantly influenced T. gondii seroprevalence included education (p < 0.05; RR = 1.125; 95% CI: 1.037-1.221), main occupation (p < 0.05; RR = 1.118; 95% CI: 1.035- 1.207), and position in the organization of dairy goats farmers (p < 0.05; RR = 1.141; 95% CI: 1.022-1.274). Conclusion: In East Java, the prevalence of T. gondii in dairy goats is high. This study provides detailed information regarding risk factors associated with T. gondii seroprevalence in dairy goats in East Java, Indonesia. Keywords: dairy goats, risk factor, seroprevalence, toxoplasma modified agglutination test.

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Goat Milk: Compositional, Technological, Nutritional and Therapeutic Aspects: A Review

Cited by 4 publications

References 65 publications

Implications of Pulsed Electric Field Pre-Treatment on Goat Milk Pasteurization

Implications of Pulsed Electric Field Pre-Treatment on Goat Milk Pasteurization

Impact of mixing coriander oil with goat feed on the chemical, microbiological and sensory characterizations of bio rayeb milk

Serological survey of immunoglobulin G from Toxoplasma gondii infection in dairy goats in East Java, Indonesia

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