Goal setting and raising the bar: A field experiment

On the Mechanisms of Ability Peer Effects

“…We discuss the source of this bias, and present and interpret corrected estimates, in Section 6.2.3. Lent and Souverijn, 2020;Clark et al, 2020) or negative if students become discouraged by the tournament-like stakes in the classroom (Bedard and Fischer, 2019). Our negative effects on effort in the TEPS data suggests the discouragement effect is the larger of the two.…”

“…This has a flow-on effect on effort, which can be positive if students have competitive or rank-preferences (e.g. Azmat et al, 2019;van that these and all other peer effect estimates in our main results might be biased downwards (Sojourner, 2013). We discuss the source of this bias, and present and interpret corrected estimates, in Section 6.2.3.…”

Stimulating a future-oriented mindset and goal attainment through a smartphone-based intervention: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

“…The goals can be related to each other, but this is not a requirement. Goal-setting is guided by the researcher to ensure that the goals are specific, measurable, and challenging but attainable, as goals with these characteristics are most likely to have a positive effect on performance ( Van Lent and Souverijn, 2020 ). To this end, goals are determined using the SMART-goal model and Zimmerman's criteria ( Ogbeiwi, 2021 ).…”

“…In contrast to the intervention condition, participants do not receive further support for working towards their goals. As the mere act of setting specific, measurable, and challenging goals has been shown to increase positive outcomes (e.g., Van Lent and Souverijn, 2020 ), this active control condition allows us to examine intervention effects over and above the potential effects of setting goals.…”

Behavioral barriers to success in education

“…This has a flow-on effect on effort, which can be positive if students have competitive or rank-preferences (e.g. Azmat et al, 2019;van Lent and Souverijn, 2020;Clark et al, 2020) or negative if students become discouraged by the tournament-like stakes in the classroom (Bedard and Fischer, 2019). Our negative effects on effort in the TEPS data suggests the discouragement effect is the larger of the two.…”