“…• High-achieving students engage in goal setting (Biemiller & Meichenbaum, 1992). • Goal-setting techniques are more effective when they are combined with other behavioral approaches (i.e., self-monitoring, direct instruction, self-graphing, contingency contracting), than when they are used in isolation (Miller & Kelley, 1994;Ruth, 1996;Trammel & Schloss, 1994). • Students need to receive explicit instruction in goal setting to be successful (Graham, Harris, & Reid, 1992;Laase, 1996).…”