Goal‐oriented design of optimal degree distribution for LT codes

Zhang, Lei; Su, Li

doi:10.1049/iet-com.2019.0233

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Degree distribution is used to form LT codes such that the decoder can recover the original data from the slightly more coded symbols with high probability [11,12]. In order to recover the original data from the encoding symbols, the decoder needs to know the degree and the source symbols that form the set of neighbors of each encoding symbol [13]. The degree of an encoded block is the number of source blocks involved in the generation of an encoded block.…”

Section: Lt Encoding and Decodingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Distributed Storage System Using Lower Triangular Matrix-Luby Transform Codes

Ignatius¹,

Selvakumar²

2022

Intelligent Automation &Amp; Soft Computing

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In today's digital environment, large volume of digital data is created daily and this data accumulates to unforeseen levels. Industries are finding it increasingly difficult to store data in an effective and trustworthy manner. Distributed storage appears to be the greatest approach for meeting current data storage demands at the moment. Furthermore, due to disc crashes or failures, efficient data recovery is becoming an issue. At present, new data storage techniques are required in order to restore data effectively even if some discs or servers are crashed. Hence, this proposed work aims to improve the storage efficiency and reliability in distributed storage systems (DSSs) to withstand disk failures and data erasures by modifying the degree distribution of Luby Transform (LT) codes. Recently, deriving an optimal degree distribution in LT codes becomes an upcoming research field. Hence, in this work, a novel approach called Lower Triangular Matrix (LTM) based degree distribution is presented for LT encoding. Unlike the traditional schemes such as Robust Soliton Distribution (RSD), there is no need for transmitting the neighbor symbols information along with each and every encoded symbol using LTM-LT codes which results in an efficient utilization of the bandwidth. Further, the overhead of LTM encoder is reduced by performing only one XOR operation for the generation of every new encoded symbol. The performance of LTM-LT codes is evaluated in terms of varying data erasure and disk failure conditions. Simulation results show that the proposed LTM-LT codes perform better compared to the traditional schemes such as RSD used for LT codes in Distributed Storage System.

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Section: Lt Encoding and Decodingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Distributed Storage System Using Lower Triangular Matrix-Luby Transform Codes

Ignatius¹,

Selvakumar²

2022

Intelligent Automation &Amp; Soft Computing

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“…Recently, the concept of distributed fountain codes (DFC) has been used to send data from multiple sources to a destination through a common relay [20][21][22][23][24]. However, the concept of DFC deals with sources of different data.…”

Section: R S1 S2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Memory-Based LT Codes for Efficient 5G Networks and Beyond

Hayajneh

2021

Electronics

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The next-generation networks (5G and beyond) require robust channel codes to support their high specifications, such as low latency, low complexity, significant coding gain, and flexibility. In this paper, we propose using a fountain code as a promising solution to 5G and 6G networks, and then we propose using a modified version of the fountain codes (Luby transform codes) over a network topology (Y-network) that is relevant in the context of the 5G networks. In such a network, the user can be connected to two different cells at the same time. In addition, the paper presents the necessary techniques for analyzing the system and shows that the proposed scheme enhances the system performance in terms of decoding success probability, error probability, and code rate (or overhead). Furthermore, the analyses in this paper allow us to quantify the trade-off between overhead, on the one hand, and the decoding success probability and error probability, on the other hand. Finally, based on the analytical approach and numerical results, our simulation results demonstrate that the proposed scheme achieves better performance than the regular LT codes and the other schemes in the literature.

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“…Although fountain codes were originally designed for BEC, it also has potential value in additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channels [8]- [10]. Unfortunately, simulation results in [11] and [12] show that LT codes still encounter an obvious error floor in a binary symmetric channel (BSC) and AWGN channels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Analysis of LT Codes With a Reverse Coding Framework

et al. 2021

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In this paper, an improved LT code with a reverse coding framework is designed to reduce the error floor caused by low-degree information nodes. For the proposed coding scheme, a well-designed threshold is used to mark the information nodes whose degrees are less than the threshold, and these nodes will be coded reversely to connect to enough candidate check nodes. To design the optimal threshold, firstly, the information degree distribution and the check degree distribution of the improved LT code are deduced. Then, the parameter extrinsic information gain-loss-ratio (GLR) is designed to evaluate the convergence behavior of the improved LT code. Finally, the 'slow increase region' of the GLR is set, and the boundary value of this region is used to deduce the optimal threshold which matches with the channel state information (CSI) and decoding overhead. To make the proposed LT code not limited to a fixed code rate, we further modify the proposed scheme. The segment coding method is used to generate a redundant generator matrix, and the check nodes corresponding to this matrix can be transmitted independently and are not limited to a fixed number. Furthermore, the connection relationship between information nodes and check nodes can be easily recorded, which improves the decoding efficiency. The advantages of the improved LT code are that the degree distributions can be formulated, the convergence behavior can be predicted, and the lowest information degree can be adjusted. Simulation results show that the improved LT code can reduce the error floor by up to 4 orders of magnitude. Besides, the designed LT code outperforms the existing LT codes in literature in terms of bit error rate (BER) performance.INDEX TERMS Luby transform codes, threshold, degree distribution, convergence.

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Goal‐oriented design of optimal degree distribution for LT codes

Cited by 5 publications

References 20 publications

Enhanced Distributed Storage System Using Lower Triangular Matrix-Luby Transform Codes

Enhanced Distributed Storage System Using Lower Triangular Matrix-Luby Transform Codes

Memory-Based LT Codes for Efficient 5G Networks and Beyond

Design and Analysis of LT Codes With a Reverse Coding Framework

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