Goal Disturbance and Coping in Children with Type I Diabetes Mellitus: Relationships with Health-Related Quality of Life and A1C

ISPAD Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines 2018: Psychological care of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes

“…Daily stressors faced by younger children are usually related to friends/peers and siblings, and their coping behaviors include choosing an alternate activity and taking personal responsibility . Research examining coping styles has indicated that youths in poor metabolic control are more likely to use the learned helplessness style and engage in avoidance coping and wishful thinking in response to stress, while youths in good glycemic control have high levels of self‐efficacy and engage in active coping . Longitudinal studies suggest a reciprocal relationship between active coping and better glycemic control, while avoidance coping was linked with worse glycemic control and increased psychological stress .…”

“…117 Research examining coping styles has indicated that youths in poor metabolic control are more likely to use the learned helplessness style 118 and engage in avoidance coping and wishful thinking in response to stress, 119,120 while youths in good glycemic control have high levels of self-efficacy 121 and engage in active coping. 108,[122][123][124][125][126] Longitudinal studies suggest a reciprocal relationship between active coping and better glycemic control, 123,127 while avoidance coping was linked with worse glycemic control and increased psychological stress. 128,129 Additionally, maladaptive coping in youth has also been associated with poor regimen adherence.…”

Psychological care of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes

“…Diabetes‐specific stress has also been linked to poor glycemic control . Research examining attributional and coping styles has indicated that youths in poor metabolic control are more likely to use the learned helplessness style and engage in avoidance and wishful thinking in response to stress , while youths in good glycemic control have high levels of self‐efficacy and engage in active coping . A longitudinal study suggested a reciprocal relationship between active coping and better glycemic control, while avoidance coping was linked with worse glycemic control and increased psychological stress .…”

Trajectories of Health-Related Quality of Life and HbA1c Values of Children and Adolescents With Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 Over 6 Months: A Longitudinal Observational Study

“…The relationship between the clinical outcome parameter HbA1c concentration, as an indicator for the glycemic target, and HRQL has also been investigated in young patients with diabetes mellitus. While some studies, found no associations between HRQL and glycemic target (21)(22)(23), others were able to detect a relationship between both the two outcome parameters (24)(25)(26)(27). For example, it was found that higher scores in HRQL were associated with better metabolic control (25), while poor metabolic control was related to psychosocial problems in children and adolescents with T1DM (12,27).…”