Goal-Congruent Default Network Activity Facilitates Cognitive Control

Spreng, R. Nathan; DuPré, Elizabeth; Selarka, Dhawal; García, Juan José López; Gojkovic, S.; Mildner, Judith N.; Luh, WM; Turner, Gary R.

doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2815-14.2014

Cited by 144 publications

(130 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Additionally, and importantly, Vatansever et al (2) show that patterns of increased DMN connectivity are also linked to better response latency during correct trials. Together, these results corroborate recent studies showing that the DMN supports external task processing when behavior depends on preexisting representations guiding cognition (6)(7)(8)(9).…”

supporting

confidence: 90%

Converging evidence for the role of transmodal cortex in cognition

Margulies

Smallwood

2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The studies by Vidaurre et al. (1) and Vatansever et al. (2) in PNAS provide contrasting, yet complementary insights into the role that regions of transmodal cortex, including those in the default mode network (DMN) (3) and the fronto-parietal network (FPN) (4), play in cognition.Vatansever et al. (2) used task-based fMRI to illustrate how the DMN and FPN work collectively to guide complex behavior. In their study, participants performed the Wisconsin Card Sorting Task (WCST) (5) while brain activity was measured using fMRI. In this task, participants sort shapes based on features (color, shape, or number). The feature is not revealed to the participant at the outset of a block of trials, and must instead be learned based on feedback presented after each trial. The feedback is used to identify the current feature rule, which is then applied on subsequent trials. Periodically, the rule changes and feedback is used to update the current goal representation. Vatansever et al. (2) demonstrate that the FPN is active after a rule change-the "acquisition phase"-suggesting its involvement in encoding the contingencies upon which the sorting decision is based. In later sections of the block-the "application phase"-when the individual understands the rule, activity within the FPN is reduced, and activity within the DMN increases (Fig. 1A). Therefore, the activity within the DMN corresponds to periods when contingencies determining cognitive decisions are established. Additionally, and importantly, Vatansever et al. (2) show that patterns of increased DMN connectivity are also linked to better response latency during correct trials. Together, these results corroborate recent studies showing that the DMN supports external task processing when behavior depends on preexisting representations guiding cognition (6-9).Using resting-state fMRI data from the Human Connectome Project (10), Vidaurre et al. (1) apply a hidden Markov model (HMM) (11) that exploits the spatiotemporal patterns in activity to infer a number of different brain states. Vidaurre et al. (1) show that the time spent in each state, known as "fractional occupancy," remains consistent across different scanning sessions and is heritable. The ability to use HMMs to identify states based on intrinsic dynamics captured by fMRI constitutes an advance in our ability to characterize the nature of ongoing brain activity, providing an intuitive method for understanding how neurocognitive processing can be understood as a succession of neurocognitive states (12, 13).One observation emerging from the analysis of Vidaurre et al. (1) is that specific states are hierarchically organized, forming temporal groupings referred to as "metastates." These reflect a dissociation between states anchored by regions of the cortex concerned (2). (B) Metastates described using a HMM applied to resting-state fMRI data (1), as well as two example states from metastate 1 (Bottom Left) and metastate 2 (Bottom Right).

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supporting

confidence: 90%

Converging evidence for the role of transmodal cortex in cognition

Margulies

Smallwood

2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Consistent with this, we found that FPCN A was preferentially coupled with the DN, which plays a role in bringing conceptual/associative knowledge to bear on current thought and perception [28][29][30]37,77 . Additionally, FPCN A was…”

Section: Functional Organization Of the Fpcnsupporting

confidence: 69%

Heterogeneity Within the Frontoparietal Control Network and its Relationship to the Default and Dorsal Attention Networks

Dixon

Vega

Mills

et al. 2017

Preprint

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The frontoparietal control network (FPCN) plays a central role in executive control. It has been predominantly viewed as a unitary domain general system. Here, we examined patterns of FPCN functional connectivity (FC) across multiple conditions of varying cognitive demands, in order to test for FPCN heterogeneity. We identified two distinct subsystems within the FPCN based on hierarchical clustering and machine learning classification analyses of within-FPCN FC patterns. These two FPCN subsystems exhibited distinct patterns of FC the default network (DN) and the dorsal attentional network (DAN). This 2-fold FPCN differentiation was observed across four independent data sets, across 9 different conditions (rest and 8 tasks), as well as in meta-analytic co-activation patterns. The extent of FPCN differentiation varied across conditions, suggesting flexible adaptation to task demands. These findings reveal a flexible and heterogeneous FPCN organization that may in part emerge from separable DN and DAN processing streams.

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“…Second, intracranial electrophysiology studies of DMN areas have shown increased activity immediately at the offset of task performance, perhaps too rapidly to reflect mind-wandering (49). Third, fMRI studies with unique task paradigms suggest that under certain contexts, increased DMN activity occurs during cognitive processes that may involve aspects of externally oriented attention (17,18,50). Finally, studies of spontaneous prestimulus activity suggest nuanced relationships of DMN activity with attentional performance (51,52).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spontaneous default network activity reflects behavioral variability independent of mind-wandering

Kucyi

Esterman

Riley

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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138

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The brain's default mode network (DMN) is highly active during wakeful rest when people are not overtly engaged with a sensory stimulus or externally oriented task. In multiple contexts, increased spontaneous DMN activity has been associated with self-reported episodes of mind-wandering, or thoughts that are unrelated to the present sensory environment. Mind-wandering characterizes much of waking life and is often associated with error-prone, variable behavior. However, increased spontaneous DMN activity has also been reliably associated with stable, rather than variable, behavior. We aimed to address this seeming contradiction and to test the hypothesis that single measures of attentional states, either based on selfreport or on behavior, are alone insufficient to account for DMN activity fluctuations. Thus, we simultaneously measured varying levels of self-reported mind-wandering, behavioral variability, and brain activity with fMRI during a unique continuous performance task optimized for detecting attentional fluctuations. We found that even though mind-wandering co-occurred with increased behavioral variability, highest DMN signal levels were best explained by intense mind-wandering combined with stable behavior simultaneously, compared with considering either single factor alone. These brainbehavior-experience relationships were highly consistent within known DMN subsystems and across DMN subregions. In contrast, such relationships were absent or in the opposite direction for other attention-relevant networks (salience, dorsal attention, and frontoparietal control networks). Our results suggest that the cognitive processes that spontaneous DMN activity specifically reflects are only partially related to mind-wandering and include also attentional state fluctuations that are not captured by self-report.daydreaming | default mode network | sustained attention | spontaneous thought | resting state T he brain's default mode network (DMN) has been described as a distributed set of regions in association cortices showing increased activity during undirected, awake "resting" states relative to a wide variety of states that commonly involve externally oriented attention (1, 2). During undirected, awake life, humans frequently engage in mind-wandering, self-generated thoughts unrelated to the immediate sensory world (3). Based on such observations, researchers have considered that increased spontaneous DMN activation could be a neurophysiological correlate of mind-wandering (4, 5).Neuroimaging studies that have incorporated self-report measures suggest a role of the DMN in spontaneous cognition. Converging evidence from tasks that elicit mind-wandering (6, 7), interindividual differences in mind-wandering tendencies (8), and intraindividual fluctuations in self-reports (9-12) suggests that DMN activity is increased during stimulus-independent, taskunrelated thought. The DMN is also engaged when subjects actively think about the past, the future, and the perspectives of other people, all of which constitute the type...

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Goal-Congruent Default Network Activity Facilitates Cognitive Control

Cited by 144 publications

References 32 publications

Converging evidence for the role of transmodal cortex in cognition

Converging evidence for the role of transmodal cortex in cognition

Heterogeneity Within the Frontoparietal Control Network and its Relationship to the Default and Dorsal Attention Networks

Spontaneous default network activity reflects behavioral variability independent of mind-wandering

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