Go - No Go Learning After Frontal Lobe Lesions in Humans

Drewe, E.A.

doi:10.1016/s0010-9452(75)80015-3

Cited by 314 publications

(165 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Monkeys with lesions in the inferior prefron tal convexity display impaired drive inhibition (Iversen and Mishkin, 1970). Furthermore, patients with lesions of the orbitomedial prefrontal cortex display a reduced ability to suppress interference from internal and external stimuli (Drewe, 1975;Stuss et aI., 1982;Fuster, 1985). Finally, the orbi tofrontal and dorsal prefrontal cortices have been suggested to be important for the temporal organi zation of behavior and cognition (Fuster, 1984(Fuster, , 1985Ingvar, 1985).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Regional Cerebral Blood Flow during Rapid-Eye-Movement Sleep

Madsen

Holm

Vorstrup

et al. 1991

J Cereb Blood Flow Metab

152

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Summary: Owing to the coupling between CBP and neu ronal activity, regional CBP is a reflection of neural ac tivity in different brain regions. In this study we measured regional CBP during polysomnographically well-defined rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep by the use of single photon emission computerized tomography and the new tracer 99mTc-dl-hexamethylpropyleneamine. Eleven healthy volunteers aged between 22 and 27 years were studied. CBP was measured on separate nights during REM sleep and during EEG-verified wakefulness. On awakening from REM sleep, all subjects reported visual dreams. During REM sleep CBP increased by 4% (p < Sleep represents a reversible state of disengage ment from the external environment. Sleep is not a uniform state of genuine unconsciousness, but is composed of a cyclical sequence of stages defined on the basis of electrophysiological parameters (Aserinsky and Kleitman, 1953;Rechtschaffen and Kales, 1968). In the sleep-wake cycle, rapid eye-movement (REM) sleep represents a distinct mental condition in the sense that it is closely cor related to the experience of dreams (Dement and Kleitman, 1957;McCarley, 1983). The understand ing of the dream phenomenon is sparse; we can only speculate on its significance, and the functional state of the dreaming brain is largely unknown. CBF is coupled to cerebral neuronal activity Received July 5, 1990; revised October 9, 1990; accepted Oc tober 10, 1990.Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. P. L. Madsen at Department of Clinical Physiology, Bispebjerg Hos pital, 23, Bispebjerg Bakke, DK-2400 Copenhagen NV, Den mark.Abbreviations used: HMPAO, dl-hexamethylpropyleneamine; OM, orbitomeatal plane; rCBF, regional CBF; REM, rapid eye movement; ROI, region of interest; SPECT, single photon emis sion computerized tomography. 502 0.01) in the associative visual area, while it decreased by 9% (p < 0.01) in the inferior frontal cortex. The CBP increase in the associative visual area suggests that acti vation of cerebral structures processing complex visual material is correlated to visual dream experiences. On the other hand, the reduced involvement of the inferior fron tal cortex observed during REM sleep might explain the poor temporal organization and bizarreness often experi enced in dreams. Key Words: Cerebral blood flow Dreams-99mTc-dl-Hexamethylpropyleneamine-Rapid eye-movement sleep--Single photon emission computer ized tomography. (Sokoloff, 1981). This means that information on the functional landscape of the brain can be ob tained by measuring CBF in different brain regions. However, owing to the elusive nature of sleep, ma jor restrictions are imposed on the examination methodology and during REM sleep only measure ments of regional CBF (rCBF) with a low resolution have been obtained. To study CBF during sleep, the examination technique should allow sleep in a seg regated room without causing interference. Single photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT) and the new tracer 99 mTc-dl-hexamethyl propyleneamine ( 99 mTc-HMPAO) meet...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Regional Cerebral Blood Flow during Rapid-Eye-Movement Sleep

Madsen

Holm

Vorstrup

et al. 1991

J Cereb Blood Flow Metab

152

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“…The order of the two conditions between sessions was also counterbalanced. The study and recognition phases were separated by a 10-minute delay that was filled with two non-verbal cognitive tasks: the Dragons' House test of flexibility from Zimmermann, Gondan, and Fimm's (2005) attentional test battery for children KiTAP, and the Matrix subtest of the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (Wechsler, 2004, Running head: Distinctiveness heuristic in children 8 2005) for one session; the self-ordered pointing test (SOPT), which assesses the executive ability to generate and monitor a sequence of responses (Cragg & Nation, 2007) and a go/no-go test of response inhibition (Drewe, 1975) for the other session.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are children conservative, liberal, or metacognitive? Preliminary evidence for the involvement of the distinctiveness heuristic in decision making

Geurten

Willems

Meulemans

2015

Journal of Experimental Child Psychology

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The present experiment investigates whether young children are able to reduce their false recognition rate after distinctive encoding by implementing a strategic metacognitive rule.Seventy-two children, aged 4, 6, and 9 years, studied two lists of unrelated items. One of these lists was visually displayed (picture condition) while the other was presented auditorily (word condition). After each study phase, participants completed recognition tests. Finally, they answered questions about their explicit knowledge of the distinctive-encoding effect. The results revealed that even the youngest children in our sample showed a smaller proportion of intrusions in the picture condition than in the word condition. Furthermore, the results of the signal detection analyses were consistent with the hypothesis that the lower rate of false recognitions after picture encoding results from the implementation of a conservative response criterion based on metacognitive expectations (distinctiveness heuristic). Moreover, the absence of correlation between children's explicit knowledge of the distinctiveness rule and their effective use of this metacognitive heuristic seems to indicate that its involvement in memory decisions could be mediated by implicit mechanisms.

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“…Neuroanatomical studies of humans, non-human primates and rodents have pinpointed regions of the frontal cortex and basal ganglia that are critical for action inhibition, and interplay between these regions may be essential for attaining appropriate behavioural outcomes (Band and van Boxtel 1999). Early primate studies showed that lesions of the inferior convexity, a likely homologue in macaques of the right inferior frontal gyrus in humans, produced impairments in go/no-go performance (Iversen and Mishkin 1970), and in human studies, the go/no-go task has revealed actionrestraint deficits following frontal cortical damage (Decary and Richer 1995;Drewe 1975;Godefroy and Rousseaux 1996). Recent studies have highlighted several cortical regions of interest with respect to both stop-signal and go/ no-go tasks, in particular the inferior frontal cortex (IFC).…”

Section: Neural Systems Underlying Action Restraint and Action Cancelmentioning

confidence: 99%

The neuropsychopharmacology of action inhibition: cross-species translation of the stop-signal and go/no-go tasks

2008

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Background and rationale The term 'action inhibition' encapsulates the ability to prevent any form of planned physical response. Growing evidence suggests that different 'stages' or even subtypes of action inhibition activate subtly different neuropharmacological and neuroanatomical processes. Objectives In this review, we present evidence from two commonly used and apparently similar behavioural tests, the stop-signal task and the go/no-go task, to determine if these have similar neuroanatomical and neurochemical modulation. Results Whilst performance of the stop-signal and go/no-go tasks is modulated across only subtly different anatomical networks, serotonin (5-HT) is strongly implicated in inhibitory control on the go/no-go but not the stop-signal task, whereas the stop-signal reaction time appears more sensitive to the action of noradrenaline. Conclusions There is clear neuropharmacological and neuroanatomical evidence that stop-signal and go/no-go tasks represent different forms of action inhibition. This evidence translates with remarkable consistency across species. We discuss the possible implications of this evidence with respect to the development of novel therapeutic treatments for disorders in which inhibitory deficits are prominent and debilitating.

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Go - No Go Learning After Frontal Lobe Lesions in Humans

Cited by 314 publications

References 7 publications

Human Regional Cerebral Blood Flow during Rapid-Eye-Movement Sleep

Human Regional Cerebral Blood Flow during Rapid-Eye-Movement Sleep

Are children conservative, liberal, or metacognitive? Preliminary evidence for the involvement of the distinctiveness heuristic in decision making

The neuropsychopharmacology of action inhibition: cross-species translation of the stop-signal and go/no-go tasks

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