GM-CSF-induced autoimmune gastritis in interferon α receptor deficient mice

Deletion of interleukin-12p40 suppresses autoimmune cholangitis in dominant negative transforming growth factor β receptor type II mice

“…It is well established that cytokines produced by immune cells are major factors in the development of autoimmunity and, among these, interferon-␥ (IFN-␥) and interleukin (IL)-12 have emerged as prototypic T helper 1 (T h 1) cytokines implicated in autoimmune inflammatory diseases. [9][10][11][12][13][14][15] In the case of IL-12, the functional form of the cytokine is a heterodimer (p70) comprised of two disulfide-linked subunits, p35 and p40. IL-12p70 is secreted by dendritic cells and macrophages after activation of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) by a variety of ligands that include especially ligands for TLR9.…”