GM-CSF (granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor) supplementation in culture media for women undergoing assisted reproductive technology (ART)

Cyclic fertilin-derived peptide stimulates in vitro human embryo development

“…Other investigators have also reported an increase in the TE cell number using antioxidants in mouse embryos with a 1.14-fold increase (5,46) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in human embryos with a 1.33-fold increase (47). However, none of these researches have reported such a high 1.9-fold increase (48). This is the first time that such an improvement is reported in human embryos.…”