Glyphosate–surfactant herbicide-induced reversible encephalopathy

The role of L-type amino acid transporters in the uptake of glyphosate across mammalian epithelial tissues

“…Additional local toxicities, for example the changes in testicular function and sperm morphology reported by Cassault-Meyer et al (2014), may also be the result of the significant organ concentrations of glyphosate enabled by amino acid transporters present within the tissues. While inhalation exposure evaluations of glyphosate-containing herbicide sprays have focused on the pulmonary system, the findings reported here regarding the ability of amino acid transporters to transfer glyphosate into and across the nasal respiratory and olfactory tissues suggest that glyphosate inhalation may result in both locally high nasal mucosal tissue concentrations and the potential for the glyphosate associated with the olfactory epithelium to transfer along the nose to brain pathways directly into the CNS (Wu et al, 2008;Lee et al, 2010;Dhuria et al, 2010;Malhotra et al, 2010;Sattler et al, 2011). This additional pathway for glyphosate to enter the brain may result in much higher brain concentrations than previously anticipated based on oral or intravenous exposures, and may also explain the occurrence of reported neurologic toxicities.…”

Glyphosate: Too Much of a Good Thing?

“…This also happened at concentrations below what farm workers typically are exposed to Cavalli et al (2013). Further, both acute and chronic exposure to Roundup may cause oxidative stress and neurotoxicity in rats (Cavalli et al, 2013;Cattani et al, 2014), justifying claims of being a neurotoxic hazard also for humans (Malhotra et al, 2010;Grandjean and Landrigan, 2014). Some evidence of arrhythmic and cardiac electrophysiological changes mediated by GBH also indicate cardiovascular risk to animals and humans (Gress et al, 2015).…”

Behavioral and Immunohistochemical Study of the Effects of Subchronic and Chronic Exposure to Glyphosate in Mice

“…Conversely, Seneff et al ( 2015 ) highlighted the strong correlations between the increasing application of Gly in agriculture and the apparent surge of several neurological diseases at different ages. Abnormal EEG activity characterized by limb tremor (akinesia and rigidity) observed in Parkinsonian syndrome have been reported after professional exposure or accidental ingestion of a commercial mixture of Gly (Barbosa et al, 2001 ; Malhotra et al, 2010 ; Wang et al, 2011 ). In addition, data derived from structural MRI studies highlighted in a subject exposed to Gly changes in the T2 signal in substantia nigra, periaqueductal gray and globus pallidus, revealing likely lesions in these structures (Barbosa et al, 2001 ).…”