Glyphosate-Residues in Roundup-Ready  Soybean Impair Daphnia magna Life-Cycle

Cuhra, Marek; Traavik, Terje; Dando, Mickaël; Primicerio, Raul; Holderbaum, Daniel; Bøhn, Thomas

doi:10.4236/jacen.2015.41003

Cited by 21 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…The laboratory has performed regular short-term toxicity studies and long-term chronic exposure studies in the common waterflea D. magna in the years and months leading up to the present experiment18212223.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Survival, age at maturation, growth and fecundity were registered in established standardized procedures18202122. Registration of survival, maturation was done daily.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…D. magna is a versatile and well-established biological indicator for toxicological and ecotoxicological testing and is routinely used in assessment of chemicals and materials181920. In previous testing we have used D. magna in acute and chronic (life-long) testing of dissolved toxins in water18, and for effects of various types of materials given as feed in experiments involving 160–300 individually reared daphnids212223. In those experimental set-ups D. magna were reared from new-born age in 100 ml laboratory standard borosilicate glass beakers.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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In plastico: laboratory material newness affects growth and reproduction of Daphnia magna reared in 50-ml polypropylene tubes

Cuhra

Bøhn

Cuhra³

2017

Sci Rep

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Plastic laboratory materials are found to affect vital parameters of the waterflea Daphnia magna. The main responsible factor is defined as “newness” of the materials. Juvenile D. magna were raised individually in; a) new laboratory-standard 50 ml polypropylene tubes, and; b) identical tubes which had been washed and aerated for several weeks. Newness had significant effects on growth and fecundity of D. magna. New tubes caused delayed maturation, reduced reproduction and reduced growth when compared to washed and re-used tubes of the same commercial brand. The findings indicate that newness of tubes has inhibiting or toxic effects on D. magna. Often laboratory plastics are intended for single-use due to sterility demands. Newness might be an important confounding factor in research results and should not be disregarded. Disposable plastic utensils may come with a seemingly ignored cost and induce adverse effects in biological test-organisms and systems. The presented findings accentuate continued need for general awareness concerning confounding factors stemming from material laboratory environment. Based on the present findings the authors suggest that plastics intended for use in sensitive research may need to be washed and aerated prior to use.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Survival, age at maturation, growth and fecundity were registered in established standardized procedures18202122. Registration of survival, maturation was done daily.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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In plastico: laboratory material newness affects growth and reproduction of Daphnia magna reared in 50-ml polypropylene tubes

Cuhra

Bøhn

Cuhra³

2017

Sci Rep

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“…cyanobacteria) [35, 36], with surfactants such as POEA being significantly more toxic than the active ingredient itself [37]. In studies where Daphnia magna were fed glyphosate residues for the whole life-cycle, the parameters growth, reproductive maturity, and offspring number were impaired [38]. Amphibians are particularly at risk, since shallow temporary ponds are areas where pollutants can accumulate without substantial dilution.…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Herbicide resistance and biodiversity: agronomic and environmental aspects of genetically modified herbicide-resistant plants

et al. 2017

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Farmland biodiversity is an important characteristic when assessing sustainability of agricultural practices and is of major international concern. Scientific data indicate that agricultural intensification and pesticide use are among the main drivers of biodiversity loss. The analysed data and experiences do not support statements that herbicide-resistant crops provide consistently better yields than conventional crops or reduce herbicide amounts. They rather show that the adoption of herbicide-resistant crops impacts agronomy, agricultural practice, and weed management and contributes to biodiversity loss in several ways: (i) many studies show that glyphosate-based herbicides, which were commonly regarded as less harmful, are toxic to a range of aquatic organisms and adversely affect the soil and intestinal microflora and plant disease resistance; the increased use of 2,4-D or dicamba, linked to new herbicide-resistant crops, causes special concerns. (ii) The adoption of herbicide-resistant crops has reduced crop rotation and favoured weed management that is solely based on the use of herbicides. (iii) Continuous herbicide resistance cropping and the intensive use of glyphosate over the last 20 years have led to the appearance of at least 34 glyphosate-resistant weed species worldwide. Although recommended for many years, farmers did not counter resistance development in weeds by integrated weed management, but continued to rely on herbicides as sole measure. Despite occurrence of widespread resistance in weeds to other herbicides, industry rather develops transgenic crops with additional herbicide resistance genes. (iv) Agricultural management based on broad-spectrum herbicides as in herbicide-resistant crops further decreases diversity and abundance of wild plants and impacts arthropod fauna and other farmland animals. Taken together, adverse impacts of herbicide-resistant crops on biodiversity, when widely adopted, should be expected and are indeed very hard to avoid. For that reason, and in order to comply with international agreements to protect and enhance biodiversity, agriculture needs to focus on practices that are more environmentally friendly, including an overall reduction in pesticide use. (Pesticides are used for agricultural as well non-agricultural purposes. Most commonly they are used as plant protection products and regarded as a synonym for it and so also in this text.)Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12302-016-0100-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…One of the studies indicates that test animal growth and reproduction decrease in correlation with increasing levels of glyphosate residues [32].…”

Section: Analyses Of Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of GMO safety assessment studies: glyphosate residues in Roundup Ready crops is an ignored issue

Cuhra

2015

Environ Sci Eur

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Background: Genetically modified glyphosate-tolerant cultivar varieties have been a commercial success widely known as Roundup Ready plants. As new glyphosate-tolerant varieties are introduced to satisfy agriculture demand, it is relevant to review the scientific evidence that documents the quality and safety of such biotechnology. Assessments of genetically modified glyphosate-tolerant plants are partly based on the reports from laboratory comparisons with non-modified plants (near-isogenic relatives). Such comparative testing is typically performed as analysis of plant material composition and in animal feeding studies. The material for testing is typically produced in test-fields set up as model environments. Most of this research is planned, performed and reported by researchers employed by biotech industry companies.Perspective: The present paper aims to: (1) review 15 reports on compositional analyses of glyphosate-tolerant cultivars and 15 reports from animal feeding studies, (2) discuss recent data indicating glyphosate residue in Roundup Ready soybean, (3) outline recent developments of cultivars with increased tolerance to glyphosate. Findings:The reviewed industry studies show methodological flaws: glyphosate-tolerant GM crops are designed for use with glyphosate herbicide. However, glyphosate herbicides are often not applied in test-study cultivation. In the studies where glyphosate herbicides were applied to growing plants, the produced plant material was not analyzed for glyphosate residues. This review has failed to identify industry studies that mention glyphosate residues in glyphosate-tolerant plants. This indicates that questions and evidence of importance for regulatory assessment have been systematically ignored. Independent research has investigated this issue and found that glyphosate-tolerant plants accumulate glyphosate residues at unexpected high levels. Glyphosate residues are found to have potential to affect plant material composition. Furthermore, these residues are passed on to consumers. Conclusions:Industry studies are not sufficient for regulation. Despite decades of risk assessments and research in this field, specific unanswered questions relating to safety and quality aspects of food and feed from GM crops need to be addressed by regulators. Independent research gives important supplementary insight.

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Glyphosate-Residues in Roundup-Ready Soybean Impair Daphnia magna Life-Cycle

Cited by 21 publications

References 48 publications

In plastico: laboratory material newness affects growth and reproduction of Daphnia magna reared in 50-ml polypropylene tubes

In plastico: laboratory material newness affects growth and reproduction of Daphnia magna reared in 50-ml polypropylene tubes

Herbicide resistance and biodiversity: agronomic and environmental aspects of genetically modified herbicide-resistant plants

Review of GMO safety assessment studies: glyphosate residues in Roundup Ready crops is an ignored issue

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