Glyphosate excessive use chronically disrupts the shikimate pathway and can affect photosynthesis and yield in citrus trees

Martinelli, Rodrigo; Rufino, Luiz Renato; Melo, Ana Caroline de; Cruz, Ricardo Alcántara‐de la; Silva, Maria Fátima das Graças Fernandes da; Silva, Jefferson Rangel da; Boaretto, Rodrigo Marcelli; Monquero, Patrícia Andréa; Mattos, Dirceu; Azevedo, Fernando Alves de

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136468

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The advantages of using herbicides are that weeds that grow between the rows, and in the circle of the citrus trunks can be completely controlled; however, sometimes, the herbicide is carried out unwisely, for example. In that case, the continuous use of one herbicide with increasing rates can decrease its efficacy, poison cultivated plants, and evolve herbicide-resistant (HR) weeds (Heap 2014;Beckie et al 2019;Martinelli et al 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Possibility of glyphosate-resistant goosegrass (Eleusine indica) in citrus fields in Rejang Lebong Districts, Bengkulu, Indonesia

SIMARMATA,

APRIANTONEDI,

SETYOWATI

et al. 2023

Biodiversitas

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Abstract. Simarmata M, Apriantonedi R, Setyowati N, Pujiwati H. 2023. Possibility of glyphosate-resistant goosegrass (Eleusine indica) in citrus fields in Rejang Lebong Districts, Bengkulu, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 3633-3638.Weed abundances dominated by goosegrass (Eleusine indica L.) are a major constraint in the citrus fields of Rejang Lebong District, Province of Bengkulu, Indonesia. The objectives of this research were to investigate weed control methods applied by citrus farmers, analyze the dominant weed, and study the possibility of glyphosate resistance in goosegrass. A survey was conducted by interviewing three citrus farmers regarding weed control measures, followed by weed assessment in 10 sampling plots of each location. Then, field trials were conducted to evaluate glyphosate efficacy on weeds in the three locations of citrus fields. The survey found that glyphosate has been applied for weed control up to 4 L ha-1( 1.92 kg a.i. ha-1 of isopropyl amine salt) 2 to 3 times a year, and the farmers found that some weeds were resistant to glyphosate. Weed assessment showed that goosegrass is a dominant species with a summed dominance ratio (SDR) of 67.1, 70.8, and 79.0% at each location, respectively. The field trials observed that the levels of survival weeds in the experimental plots treated with glyphosate at 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, and 8.0 L ha-1were 94-95%, 83-85.3%, 70-73.3%, 20-29%, and 10-12.3%, respectively. Goosegrass was identified as the survivor's weeds. The glyphosate doses (LD50) required to eradicate 50% of the weed populations ranged between 2 and 4 L ha-1 at the three sites. This study proved that goosegrass in the citrus groves of Rejang Lebong District, Bengkulu, is resistant to glyphosate.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Possibility of glyphosate-resistant goosegrass (Eleusine indica) in citrus fields in Rejang Lebong Districts, Bengkulu, Indonesia

SIMARMATA,

APRIANTONEDI,

SETYOWATI

et al. 2023

Biodiversitas

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“…Although some non-chemical weed management practices are being adopted on a small scale by citrus growers [5], weed management in citrus is mainly based on herbicides, directing applications in the intra-(under the canopy of the trees) and inter-row areas of the orchards [6]. However, due to the fact that, in Brazil, there are few authorized herbicides (only 10 active ingredients) for weed management in citrus orchards [7], the most used herbicide is glyphosate, both for the wide spectrum of weeds that it is capable of controlling and for its low cost [5,6,8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a result, reports of low efficacy with respect to glyphosate in the application of controlling weeds have increased year after year. In addition, most citrus growers commonly increase the rate and frequency of glyphosate application instead of using herbicides with other mechanisms of action [3,6]. Surveys have revealed that 98% of Brazilian citrus growers use glyphosate, with 73% applying doses between 1000 and 2000 g acid equivalent (ae) ha −1 and 11% doses > 2000 g ae ha −1 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because species of these genera occur in high densities in citrus orchards [14] and also present high rates of survival in the field after herbicide applications, the possibility that new weed species have developed resistance to glyphosate is likely. In addition, citrus growers have exerted strong selection pressure on weed populations with glyphosate [6,9], so it is likely that more than one resistant species will occur in the same orchard. The occurrence of several herbicide-resistant weed species in the same area considerably increases the costs of resistance management [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Occurrence of Multiple Glyphosate-Resistant Weeds in Brazilian Citrus Orchards

Amaral

Cruz

Martinelli³

et al. 2023

AgriEngineering

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Glyphosate is the most widely used herbicide for weed control in citrus orchards in Brazil; therefore, it is likely that several species have gained resistance to this herbicide and that more than one resistant species can be found in the same orchard. The objective was to identify weeds resistant to glyphosate in citrus orchards from different regions of the São Paulo State (SP) and determine how many resistant species are present within the same orchard. Seeds of Amaranthus deflexus, A. hybridus, Bidens pilosa, Chloris elata, Conyza bonariensis, Digitaria insularis, Solanum Americanum, and Tridax procumbens, which, as reported by growers, are suspected to be resistant to glyphosate, were collected from plants that survived the last application of this herbicide (>720 g of acid equivalent [ae] ha–1) in sweet orange and Tahiti acid lime orchards. Based on dose–response and shikimic acid accumulation assays, all populations of A. deflexus, A. hybridus, B. pilosa, and T. procumbens were sensitive to glyphosate. However, populations of B. pilosa from the Olimpia region (R-NS, R-PT and R-OdA) showed signs of resistance based on plant mortality rates by 50% within a population (LD50 = 355–460 g ae ha−1). All populations of C. bonariensis, C. elata, and D. insularis were resistant to glyphosate, presenting resistance ratios from 1.9 to 27.6 and low shikimate accumulation rates. Solanum americanum also showed resistance, with resistance ratios ranging from 4.3 to 25.4. Most of the citrus orchards sampled presented the occurrence of more than one species resistant to glyphosate: Nossa Senhora—one species; Olhos D’agua and Passatempo—two species; Araras—four species; and Cordeiropolis and Mogi-Mirim—up to five species. The results reported in this paper provide evidence of multiple species in citrus orchards from São Paulo that have exhibited resistance to glyphosate. This underscores the difficulties in managing glyphosate-resistant weeds which are prevalent throughout the country, such as C. bonariensis and D. insularis. The presence of these resistant species further complicates the control of susceptible species that may also develop resistance. In addition, the glyphosate resistance of S. americanum was identified for the first time.

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Geographical distribution and potential distribution prediction of thirteen species of Citrus L. in China

Huang,

Li,

Yao

et al. 2023

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Glyphosate excessive use chronically disrupts the shikimate pathway and can affect photosynthesis and yield in citrus trees

Cited by 9 publications

References 31 publications

Possibility of glyphosate-resistant goosegrass (Eleusine indica) in citrus fields in Rejang Lebong Districts, Bengkulu, Indonesia

Possibility of glyphosate-resistant goosegrass (Eleusine indica) in citrus fields in Rejang Lebong Districts, Bengkulu, Indonesia

Occurrence of Multiple Glyphosate-Resistant Weeds in Brazilian Citrus Orchards

Geographical distribution and potential distribution prediction of thirteen species of Citrus L. in China

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