Glyphosate Adjuvant Formulation with Glycerin

Abstract

The development of many crops with glyphosate tolerance has created a large demand for glyphosate herbicide formulations. Commercial aqueous solution glyphosate formulations usually contain a surfactant along with other formulation additives. The surfactant can function to help the spray solution wet the weed surface, and can also help potentiate the active ingredient. The other formulation ingredients usually include materials that function as humectants, antigelling agents, and antifreeze agents. Various traditional petrochemical derivatives have been used to achieve these effects. In this paper glycerin, a renewable natural material provides all of the nonsurfactant excipient properties. The advent of biodiesel production has created a surge in the production of glycerin. It has been found that this crude glycerin can be incorporated into commercial aqueous glyphosate formulations and can replace the traditional petrochemical derivative constituents. The glycerin functions as the humectant, antigelling agent, and antifreeze agent. This paper deals with the modifications and specifications necessary to achieve a suitable finished glyphosate product, as well as the performance results observed from field trials with the final formulation.

Genotoxicity and Cytotoxicity Exerted by Pesticides in Different Biotic Matrices-An Overview of More Than a Decade of Experimental Evaluation

“…Unfortunately, the identity of the components present within the excipient formulations was not made available by the manufacturer. These final remarks are in accord with previous observations not only reported by us but also by other research groups indicating the presence of xenobiotics within the composition of the commercial formulations with genotoxic and cytotoxic effects as previously mentioned [44,46,51,[66][67][68]89,90,[125][126][127][128][129][130]. Hence, risk assessment must also consider additional genocytotoxic effects caused by the excipient/s.…”

Genetic Toxicological Profile of Carbofuran and Pirimicarb Carbamic Insecticides

“…Unfortunately, the identity of the components present in the excipient formulations was not made available by the manufacturers. These final remarks are in accord with previous observations not only reported by us but also by other research groups indicating the presence of xenobiotics within the composition of the commercial formulations with genotoxic and cytotoxic effects (David, 1982;Lin & Garry, 2000;Soloneski et al, 2001Soloneski et al, , 2002Soloneski et al, , 2003Soloneski et al, , 2008González et al, 2007aGonzález et al, , b, 2009Elsik et al, 2008;Molinari et al, 2009;Soloneski & Larramendy, 2010). These observations highlight that, in agriculture, agrochemicals are generally not used as a single active ingredient but as part of a complex commercial formulations.…”