Glycosylation and intracellular transport of membrane glycoproteins encoded by murine leukemia viruses. Inhibition by amino acid analogues and by tunicamycin.

Polonoff, E; Machida, Curtis A.; Kabat, David

doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(19)45337-4

Cited by 65 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 44 publications

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“…HIV-1 varies dramatically within a clade and within infected individuals. HIV Env gp120 is among the most heavily glycosylated proteins in nature (Myers et al, 1992), far more heavily glycosylated than envelopes of other retroviruses of similar size (e.g., HTLV-1, MuLV) (Polonoff et al, 1982). The influence of sequon variation on HIV antibody recognition and viral phenotype has been studied in the context of HIV and SIV Env proteins (Chackerian et Sigvard Olofsson and colleagues first showed that glycosylation of gp120 could change exposure of neutralizing antibody epitopes (Bolmstedt et al, 1996).…”

Section: Genome Maps Of Crf12 Crf28 Crf29 and Other Bf Recombinantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tracking HIV-1 genetic variation: recombination and N-linked glycosylation sites

Zhang¹

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The last 26 years saw a rampant global epidemic of HIV-1. HIV-1!s extraordinary diversity is seeded by a high mutation rate, rapid replication, frequent recombination, and strategic placement and loss and gain of N-linked glycosylation sites. In this thesis, the genetic variation of HIV-1 was investigated with special focus on recombination and N-linked glycosylation sites.Using phylogenetic analyses, distance methods, and HIV-1 subtying tools including one called jumping profile hidden Markov model, HIV-1 recombinants dominating HIV epidemic in three different geographical regions were examined. We found that CRF13_cpx includes sections of the rare subtype J, and that breakpoint inference can be greatly improved using all available sequences within a CRF family. We confirmed that CRF02_AG, a recombinant between subtype A and G that is prevalent in West and West Central Africa, is an old recombinant. The main recombination events that generated CRF02 took place before the 1970!s, before HIV-1 had started to spread worldwide and the currently recognized subtypes had formed.Recombinants consisting of subtypes B and C are frequently found in the HIV-1 epidemic of Asia, especially in southwest China where they are associated with different drug trafficking routes. Our study suggested that CRF07 was derived from a recombination between CRF08 and subtype B. However, it is possible that the currently defined CRF07 is not the direct product of this recombination event. Lastly, we found that recent recombination between subtypes B and F in Argentina and Brazil, two epicenters in South America, has created many different, but related, recombinant forms. Taken together, it appears as if the HIV-1 epidemic is becoming more complex as it moves ahead into the future. Recombination among co-circulating forms creates new forms of HIV-1 that are now starting to dominate the epidemic in certain parts of the world.We developed methods to track N-linked glycosylation sites (sequons) in HIV-1 as they shift positions and vary in local densities. Comparing primate lentiviruses, hepatitis C virus, and influenza A viruses showed that generating and tolerating shifting sequons is a unique evolutionary avenue for HIV-1 immune evasion. In addition, we found the primate lentiviral lineages have host species -dependent levels of sequon shifting, with HIV-1 in humans the most extreme. Further, unlike influenza A hemagglutinin H3 HA1 that accumulates sequons over time, HIV does not have a net increase in the number of sites over time at the population level, indicating that variation in number and placement, not accumulation of N-linked glycosylation sites, is more critical for HIV-1 immune evasion.The studies detailed in this thesis, together with our great effort in resubtyping > 150,000 sequences in the Los Alamos HIV sequence database, enables us to draw a more comprehensive and dynamic picture of the global HIV-1 epidemic. LIST OF ORIGINAL PAPERSThe thesis is based on the following original papers. They are referred to in the text by the R...

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Section: Genome Maps Of Crf12 Crf28 Crf29 and Other Bf Recombinantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tracking HIV-1 genetic variation: recombination and N-linked glycosylation sites

Zhang¹

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Allele and locus‐specific differences in cell surface expression and the association of HLA class I heavy chain with β₂‐microglobulin: differential effects of inhibition of glycosylation on class I subunit association

1988

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The assembly of HLA class I antigens, and the contribution of the single N-linked glycan to this process were examined. We observed a requirement for N-linked glycosylation in the proper assembly and surface expression of HLA-B locus products in particular, although considerable variation was seen within the allelic series of the HLA-A and B loci. We conclude that the single N-linked glycan can contribute in a major way to that conformation of the heavy (H) chain which is competent to associate with the light chain beta 2-microglobulin, and that the presence, rather than the type, of carbohydrate chain is important in this respect. The association of human class I H chains with beta 2-microglobulin shows biphasic kinetics, where an initially rapid phase is followed by a prolonged period during which no further association can be measured. It appears that HLA-C H chains are initially synthesized in amounts similar to HLA-A and B H chains, but associate inefficiently with beta 2-microglobulin, resulting in low expression of HLA-C at the cell surface. The individual stages of assembly and maturation of class I antigens including the transfer from Golgi to cell surface were found to display characteristic allelic variation.

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Molecular bases for the action and selectivity of nucleoside antibiotics

Carrasco¹,

Vázquez²

1984

Medicinal Research Reviews

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Glycosylation and intracellular transport of membrane glycoproteins encoded by murine leukemia viruses. Inhibition by amino acid analogues and by tunicamycin.

Cited by 65 publications

References 44 publications

Tracking HIV-1 genetic variation: recombination and N-linked glycosylation sites

Tracking HIV-1 genetic variation: recombination and N-linked glycosylation sites

Allele and locus‐specific differences in cell surface expression and the association of HLA class I heavy chain with β₂‐microglobulin: differential effects of inhibition of glycosylation on class I subunit association

Molecular bases for the action and selectivity of nucleoside antibiotics

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Glycosylation and intracellular transport of membrane glycoproteins encoded by murine leukemia viruses. Inhibition by amino acid analogues and by tunicamycin.

Cited by 65 publications

References 44 publications

Tracking HIV-1 genetic variation: recombination and N-linked glycosylation sites

Tracking HIV-1 genetic variation: recombination and N-linked glycosylation sites

Allele and locus‐specific differences in cell surface expression and the association of HLA class I heavy chain with β2‐microglobulin: differential effects of inhibition of glycosylation on class I subunit association

Molecular bases for the action and selectivity of nucleoside antibiotics

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Allele and locus‐specific differences in cell surface expression and the association of HLA class I heavy chain with β₂‐microglobulin: differential effects of inhibition of glycosylation on class I subunit association