Glycoside and Polysaccharide Hydrolase Activity of the Rumen Anaerobic Fungus Caecomyces communis ( Sphaeromonas communis SENSU ORPIN) at Early and Final Stages of the Developmental Cycle

Abstract

The rumen anaerobic fungus Caecomyces communis was grown in a fermentor in Lowe medium. We studied four polysaccharide hydrolases and three glycoside hydrolases at early and final stages. We found a difference in cell association for these enzymes depending on the developmental stage. The endocellulase and beta-D-fucosidase were early synthesized, and their activities decreased at the end of the developmental cycle. On the contrary, the beta-D-glucosidase, beta-D-xylosidase and xylanase activities increased during the cycle. The avicelase and the CM-cellulase activities linked with thalli increased, whereas the extracellular activities of these enzymes decreased.

Characterization of Anaerobic Rumen Fungal Community Composition in Yak, Tibetan Sheep and Small Tail Han Sheep Grazing on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

“…This result indicates that such fibrolytic ruminal fungal strains are prevalent in grazing ruminants such as grazing yaks, Tibetan sheep and Small Tail Han sheep, and could be exploited as microbial feed additives to improved fiber utilization in ruminants from intensive farming. In addition, we found that the relative abundance of genera Piromyces and Neocallimastix were significant higher in Tibetan sheep in comparison to yak, suggesting that the Tibetan sheep have the relatively high ability to utilize recalcitrant material (cellulose and hemicellulose) considering these two genera are capable of producing cellulolytic and hemicellulolytic enzymes [46]. Additionally, many previous studies have discovered genus Neocallimastix was dominant in many ruminant species, such as American bison, sheep and llama [5,24,47], which was less abundant in the current study.…”

“…Recent studies on dairy cows have found that Caecomyces was the second most dominant genus [11,45], while in the present study, Piromyces was the second prevalent genus in the rumen, irrespective of animal species, but the relative abundance of genus Caecomyces was very low (0.76%). Previous study has reported that the genus Piromyces can produce cellulolytic and hemicellulolytic enzymes [46,47], while members (Caecomyces communis) belonging to genus Caecomyces had glycoside and polysaccharide hydrolase activity. This result indicates that such fibrolytic ruminal fungal strains are prevalent in grazing ruminants such as grazing yaks, Tibetan sheep and Small Tail Han sheep, and could be exploited as microbial feed additives to improved fiber utilization in ruminants from intensive farming.…”

Plant–necrotroph co-transcriptome networks illuminate a metabolic battlefield

“…The top 20 positively correlated B. cinerea genes contained all seven genes involved in BOT biosynthesis (Deighton et al, 2001; Colmenares et al, 2002; Wang et al, 2009; Rossi et al, 2011; Ascari et al, 2013; Porquier et al, 2016). In addition to phytotoxins, more than 30 genes of the top 100 lesion-correlated genes encode plant cell wall degrading enzymes, that is glucosyl hydrolases, carbohydrate esterases, cellobiose dehydrogenases and Bcpg1 (Figure 3 and Figure 3—source data 1) (Gerbi et al, 1996; Zamocky et al, 2006; Cantarel et al, 2009; Van Vu et al, 2012; Igarashi et al, 2014; Morgenstern et al, 2014; Blanco-Ulate et al, 2014; Tan et al, 2015; Courtade et al, 2016; Nelson et al, 2017; Pérez‐Izquierdo et al, 2017). Additionally, 10 of the top 100 lesion-correlated genes were annotated as putative peptidase activities, which are critical for fungal virulence (Movahedi et al, 1991; Poussereau et al, 2001a; Poussereau et al, 2001b; ten Have et al, 2004; ten Have et al, 2010).…”

Cellulases of Mesophilic Microorganisms

“…Habitat: rumen and intestinal tract of large herbivorous animals Anaeromyces mucronatus 543 40 Caecomyces communis 41 Cyllamyces aberensis 42 Neocallimastix frontalis 43 Orpinomyces sp. 44 Piromyces sp.…”