Glycosaminoglycans – types, structure, functions, and the role in wound healing processes

Orlińska, Kinga; Komosińska-Vassev, Katarzyna; Olczyk, Krystyna; Kowalczyk, Aleksandra; Olczyk, Paweł

doi:10.18794/aams/173470

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…All GAGs, except hyaluronic acid, have a sulfate group and, when attached to core proteins, form proteoglycans (PGs). PGs are characterized by a strongly negative charge of glycan chains and are involved in the selective permeability of cell membranes [ 72 , 73 , 74 ]. The idea to determine the GAG level by using Gd(DTPA) 2− was already proposed in the works [ 73 , 74 , 75 , 76 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PGs are characterized by a strongly negative charge of glycan chains and are involved in the selective permeability of cell membranes [ 72 , 73 , 74 ]. The idea to determine the GAG level by using Gd(DTPA) 2− was already proposed in the works [ 73 , 74 , 75 , 76 ]. The concept of the method is based on the fact of a negatively charged Gd(DTPA) 2− molecule, the spatial distribution of which will be inverse to the GAG concentration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Utility of 1.5 Tesla MRI Scanner in the Management of Small Sample Sizes Driven from 3D Breast Cell Culture

Guz,

Podgórski,

Aebisher

et al. 2024

IJMS

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The aim of this work was to use and optimize a 1.5 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system for three-dimensional (3D) images of small samples obtained from breast cell cultures in vitro. The basis of this study was to design MRI equipment to enable imaging of MCF-7 breast cancer cell cultures (about 1 million cells) in 1.5 and 2 mL glass tubes and/or bioreactors with an external diameter of less than 20 mm. Additionally, the development of software to calculate longitudinal and transverse relaxation times is described. Imaging tests were performed using a clinical MRI scanner OPTIMA 360 manufactured by GEMS. Due to the size of the tested objects, it was necessary to design additional receiving circuits allowing for the study of MCF-7 cell cultures placed in glass bioreactors. The examined sample’s volume did not exceed 2.0 mL nor did the number of cells exceed 1 million. This work also included a modification of the sequence to allow for the analysis of T1 and T2 relaxation times. The analysis was performed using the MATLAB package (produced by MathWorks). The created application is based on medical MR images saved in the DICOM3.0 standard which ensures that the data analyzed are reliable and unchangeable in an unintentional manner that could affect the measurement results. The possibility of using 1.5 T MRI systems for cell culture research providing quantitative information from in vitro studies was realized. The scanning resolution for FOV = 5 cm and the matrix was achieved at a level of resolution of less than 0.1 mm/pixel. Receiving elements were built allowing for the acquisition of data for MRI image reconstruction confirmed by images of a phantom with a known structure and geometry. Magnetic resonance sequences were modified for the saturation recovery (SR) method, the purpose of which was to determine relaxation times. An application in MATLAB was developed that allows for the analysis of T1 and T2 relaxation times. The relaxation times of cell cultures were determined over a 6-week period. In the first week, the T1 time value was 1100 ± 40 ms, which decreased to 673 ± 59 ms by the sixth week. For T2, the results were 171 ± 10 ms and 128 ± 12 ms, respectively.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utility of 1.5 Tesla MRI Scanner in the Management of Small Sample Sizes Driven from 3D Breast Cell Culture

Guz,

Podgórski,

Aebisher

et al. 2024

IJMS

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Introducing Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry in Brain Glycosaminoglycomics: Application to Chondroitin/Dermatan Sulfate Octasaccharide Domains

Sarbu,

Seidler,

Clemmer

et al. 2024

J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom.

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Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are sulfated linear Oglycan chains abundantly expressed in the extracellular matrix (ECM). Among GAGs, chondroitin sulfate (CS) and dermatan sulfate (DS) play important roles at the brain level, where the distribution and location of the sulfates within the CS/DS chains are responsible for numerous biological events. The diversity of the neural hybrid CS/DS expressed in the brain and the need to elucidate their structure gave rise to considerable efforts toward the development of analytical methods able to discover novel regularly and irregularly sulfated domains. In this context, we report here the introduction of ion mobility separation (IMS) mass spectrometry (MS) in brain glycosaminoglycomics. Based on IMS MS and tandem MS (MS/ MS) by collision-induced dissociation (CID), we have developed a powerful approach for the screening and structural analysis of neural CS/DS and optimized and validated the method for the structural analysis of octasaccharides that were released from brain proteoglycans by β-elimination and pooled after chain depolymerization using chondroitin AC lyase. The IMS MS data revealed the separation of CS/DS octamers into mobility families based on the amount of sulfation. Among the discovered oversulfated domains, of major biological importance is the pentasulfated-[4,5-Δ-GlcAGalNAc(IdoAGalNAc) 3 ], for which the (−) nanoESI IMS CID MS/MS analysis disclosed through the presence of distinct drift times, the incidence of two isomers. Moreover, the generated fragment ions revealed an uncommon trisulfated motif and an uncommon pentasulfated motif. Hence, using IMS MS and CID MS/ MS, novel brain-related CS/DS domains of atypical sulfation patterns were discovered and structurally characterized in detail.

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Glycosaminoglycans – types, structure, functions, and the role in wound healing processes

Cited by 2 publications

References 83 publications

Utility of 1.5 Tesla MRI Scanner in the Management of Small Sample Sizes Driven from 3D Breast Cell Culture

Utility of 1.5 Tesla MRI Scanner in the Management of Small Sample Sizes Driven from 3D Breast Cell Culture

Introducing Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry in Brain Glycosaminoglycomics: Application to Chondroitin/Dermatan Sulfate Octasaccharide Domains

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