Glycosaminoglycans compositional analysis of Urodele axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) and Porcine Retina

Kim, So Young; Kundu, Joydip; Williams, Arthur Robin; Yandulskaya, Anastasia S.; Monaghan, James R.; Linhardt, Robert J.

doi:10.1007/s10719-019-09863-5

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Various collagens are known to play structural roles in the general retinal ECM, 34 whereas glycosaminoglycans such as HA and chondroitin sulfate are the major components of the IPM, which has very little, if any, collagenous matrix. 21,33,35 In addition, recent work suggests that HA, in particular, could contribute to regeneration of the retina in non-mammalian species (ie, axolotl), 28 Our findings further support the concept that HA plays a supportive and possibly pro-regenerative role for early retinal cells. This indicates that combined with robust biopolymer-based structural components when needed, HA's incorporation into scaffolds for retinal tissue engineering is beneficial and desirable.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…Although these data support the argument that methylene blue is instigating cytotoxicity, this photoactive compound is also widely used for several therapeutic and diagnostic applications and is known to have relatively low systemic toxicity. 28 Regardless, a smaller photoinitiator concentration should be considered or a more rigorous washing protocol developed to minimize photoinitiator and unpolymerized material left in the scaffolds.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of High-Resolution Three-Dimensional-Printed Extracellular Matrix Scaffolds and Their Compatibility with Pluripotent Stem Cells and Early Retinal Cells

Shrestha

Allen

Wiley

et al. 2020

Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics

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Purpose: Widely used approaches for retinal disease modeling and in vitro therapeutic testing can be augmented by using tissue-engineered scaffolds with a precise 3-dimensional structure. However, the materials currently used for these scaffolds are poorly matched to the biochemical and mechanical properties of the in vivo retina. Here, we create biopolymer-based scaffolds with a structure that is amenable to retinal tissue engineering and modeling. Methods: Optimal two-photon polymerization (TPP) settings, including laser power and scanning speed, are identified for 4 methacrylated biopolymer formulations: collagen, gelatin, hyaluronic acid (HA), and a 50/50 mixture of gelatin/HA, each with methylene blue as a photoinitiator. For select formulations, fabrication accuracy and swelling are determined and biocompatibility is evaluated by using human induced pluripotent stem cells and rat postnatal retinal cells. Results: TPP is feasible for each biopolymer formulation, but it is the most reliable for mixtures containing gelatin and the least reliable for HA alone. The mean size of microscaffold pores is within several microns of the intended value but the overall structure size is several times greater than the modeled volume. The addition of HA to gelatin scaffolds increases cell viability and promotes neuronal phenotype, including Tuj-1 expression and characteristic morphology. Conclusion: We successfully determined a useful range of TPP settings for 4 methacrylated biopolymer formulations. When crosslinked, these extracellular matrix-derived molecules support the growth and attachment of retinal cells. We anticipate that when combined with existing patient-specific approaches, this technique will enable more efficient and accurate retinal disease modeling and therapeutic testing in vitro than current techniques allow.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of High-Resolution Three-Dimensional-Printed Extracellular Matrix Scaffolds and Their Compatibility with Pluripotent Stem Cells and Early Retinal Cells

Shrestha

Allen

Wiley

et al. 2020

Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics

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“…Most importantly, the extracellular component heparan sulfate can induce de novo limb pattern formation during regeneration and heparan sulfate in mediating positional information is conserved in mammals (Phan et al, ). A recent study also showed that chondroitin sulfate is the major retinal glycosaminoglycan followed by heparan sulfate in both native and decellularized axolotl and porcine retina (Kim et al, ). Higher levels of 4‐O‐ and 6‐ O‐sulfation are observed in axolotl retina compared with that in porcine retina.…”

Section: Axolotls As Spinal Cord Regeneration Modelsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Operation spinal cord regeneration: Patterning information residing in extracellular matrix glycosaminoglycans

Baker-Nigh

Sun

2020

Brain and Behavior

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Introduction Spinal cord injuries are devastating, with many complications beyond paralysis and loss of sensory function. Although spinal cord regeneration can revolutionize treatment for spinal cord injuries, the goal has not yet been achieved. The regenerative mechanism of axolotls demonstrates that the regeneration is a repeat of developmental process that all animals have all the genes, but axolotls have both the genes and the patterning information to do it at the adult stage. Methods A narrative review was conducted. Relevant studies were collected via an English‐language PubMed database search and those known to the authors. Results Research during the past 30 years reveals that growth factors, along with spinal cord extracellular matrix, especially glycosaminoglycans, regulates axonal regrowth. Degrading chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycans by injecting the bacterial enzyme chondroitinase improves axonal sprouting and functional recovery after spinal cord injury in both rodents and rhesus monkeys. Furthermore, the brain is one of the first organs to develop during the embryonic period, and heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycans are key molecules required for brain development. Conclusions Patterning information residing in glycosaminoglycans might be key elements in restricting spinal cord regeneration. A recommended solution is not to edit the human genome, considering the conserved signaling pathways between animals, but to take advantage of the regenerative mechanism of axolotls and the current knowledge about the pattern‐forming glycosaminoglycans for successful spinal cord regeneration and clinical applications.

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“…In addition to fibronectin and tenascin, hyaluronic acid (HA) contributes to the transitional extracellular matrix formed during axolotl limb regeneration . Axolotl retina also contain a higher HA content compared to mammals which are unable to regenerate the retina, and HA synthesis is required for zebrafish tail fin and heart regeneration.…”

Section: Potential Strategies For Biomaterials Design Inspired By Re...mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…162 In addition to fibronectin and tenascin, hyaluronic acid (HA) contributes to the transitional extracellular matrix formed during axolotl limb regeneration. 163 Axolotl retina also contain a higher HA content compared to mammals which are unable to regenerate the retina, 164 and HA synthesis is required for zebrafish tail fin 165 and heart 166 regeneration. Each of these three ECM components�fibronectin, tenascin, and hyaluronic acid�have been incorporated into biomaterials in the context of wound healing.…”

Section: Controlled Immune Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

Biomaterial Design Inspired by Regenerative Research Organisms

Sapru

Dill

Simmons

2022

ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng.

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The efficacy of implanted biomaterials is largely dependent on the response of the host's immune and stromal cells. Severe foreign body response (FBR) can impede the integration of the implant into the host tissue and compromise the intended mechanical and biochemical function. Many features of FBR, including late-stage fibrotic encapsulation of implants, parallel the formation of fibrotic scar tissue after tissue injury. Regenerative organisms like zebrafish and salamanders can avoid fibrosis after injury entirely, but FBR in these research organisms is rarely investigated because their immune competence is much lower than humans. The recent characterization of a regenerative mammal, the spiny mouse (Acomys), has inspired us to take a closer look at cellular regulation in regenerative organisms across the animal kingdom for insights into avoiding FBR in humans. Here, we highlight how major features of regeneration, such as blastema formation, macrophage polarization, and matrix composition, can be modulated across a range of regenerative research organisms to elucidate common features that may be harnessed to minimize FBR. Leveraging a deeper understanding of regenerative biology for biomaterial design may help to reduce FBR and improve device integration and performance.

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Glycosaminoglycans compositional analysis of Urodele axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) and Porcine Retina

Cited by 6 publications

References 60 publications

Development of High-Resolution Three-Dimensional-Printed Extracellular Matrix Scaffolds and Their Compatibility with Pluripotent Stem Cells and Early Retinal Cells

Development of High-Resolution Three-Dimensional-Printed Extracellular Matrix Scaffolds and Their Compatibility with Pluripotent Stem Cells and Early Retinal Cells

Operation spinal cord regeneration: Patterning information residing in extracellular matrix glycosaminoglycans

Biomaterial Design Inspired by Regenerative Research Organisms

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