Glycosaminoglycans and Proteoglycans

Pomin, Vitor H.; Mulloy, Barbara

doi:10.3390/ph11010027

Cited by 139 publications

(130 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…While betaglycans bear HS chains at some proportion or under certain conditions (namely part-time proteoglycans), each syndecan and glypican harbours HS chains as a fixed feature. There are at least four syndecans and six glypicans (Pomin and Mulloy 2018). Glypicans commonly co-exist with syndecans, with the latter being the most frequently reported HSPGs functioning as attachment receptors during viral entry.…”

Section: Glycosaminoglycan (Gag)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Host receptors: the key to establishing cells with broad viral tropism for vaccine production

Dai

Zhang

Ostrikov

et al. 2020

Critical Reviews in Microbiology

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Cell culture-based vaccine technology is a flexible and convenient approach for vaccine production that requires adaptation of the vaccine strains to the new cells. Driven by the motivation to develop a broadly permissive cell line for infection with a wide range of viruses, we identified a set of the most relevant host receptors involved in viral attachment and entry. This identification was done through a review of different viral entry pathways and host cell lines, and in the context of the Baltimore classification of viruses. In addition, we indicated the potential technical problems and proposed some solutions regarding how to modify the host cell genome in order to meet industrial requirements for mass production of antiviral vaccines. Our work contributes to a finer understanding of the importance of breaking the host-virus recognition specificities for the possibility of creating a cell line feasible for the production of vaccines against a broad spectrum of viruses. ARTICLE HISTORY

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Section: Glycosaminoglycan (Gag)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Host receptors: the key to establishing cells with broad viral tropism for vaccine production

Dai

Zhang

Ostrikov

et al. 2020

Critical Reviews in Microbiology

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“…Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans are a group of heterogeneous molecules that have been found to have a multitude of functions during nervous system development, in the adult and the traumatized nervous system of vertebrates (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8). Their functions range widely in various conditions that depend on the pattern of their sulfation as single epitopes and as different epitopes arranged in complex patterns on the glycan chain.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Knockdown of chondroitin‐4‐sulfotransferase‐1, but not of dermatan‐4‐sulfotransferase‐1, accelerates regeneration of zebrafish after spinal cord injury

Sahu

Loers

et al. 2018

FASEB j.

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Glycosaminoglycans such as chondroitin sulfate (CS) and dermatan sulfate (DS) are long chains of repeating disaccharide units, covalently linked to core proteins to form proteoglycans. Proteoglycans can be cell membrane‐bound or are part of the extracellular matrix. They are important in a wide range of biologic processes, including development, synaptic plasticity, and regeneration after injury, as well as modulation of growth factor signaling, cell migration, survival, and proliferation. Synthesis of CS and DS in the Golgi apparatus is mediated by sulfotransferases that modify sugar chains through transfer of sulfate groups to specific positions on the sugar moieties. To clarify the functions of CS and DS during nervous system regeneration, we studied the effect of chondroitin 4‐O‐sulfotransferase‐1/carbohydrate sulfotransferase‐11 (C4ST‐l/Chst‐11) and dermatan 4‐O‐sulfotransferase‐1/Chst‐14 (D4ST‐l/Chst‐14) down‐regulation on spinal cord regeneration in larval and adult zebrafish. In our study, knockdown of C4ST1/Chst‐11 accelerated regeneration after spinal cord injury in larval and adult zebrafish and knockdown of D4ST1/Chst‐14 did not alter regenerative capacity. From these and previous observations, we drew the conclusion that different CS and DS expression patterns can be growth permitting, growth inhibiting, or neutral for regrowing or sprouting axons, depending on the tissue environment of a particular animal species.—Sahu, S., Li, R., Loers, G., Schachner, M. Knockdown of chondroitin‐4‐sulfotransferase‐l, but not of dermatan‐4‐sulfotransferase‐l, accelerates regeneration of zebrafish after spinal cord injury. FASEB J. 33, 2252–2262 (2019). http://www.fasebj.org

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“…Proteoglycans are the last major component of the glycocalyx and are characterized by a protein backbone with abundant O-linked GAG attachments (Nikitovic et al, 2018). The most abundant GAG attachments include heparin sulfate, chondroitin sulfate, or keratin sulfate and are characterized by the galactose-galactose-xylose motif (Gal-Gal-Xyl; Pomin and Mulloy, 2018). Several tumor-associated proteoglycans have been implicated in cancer signaling and progression, including the Syndecan (Cheng et al, 2016a) and Glypican (Li et al, 2018) families, and their roles are discussed in great detail in the cited reviews.…”

Section: Key Protein and Lipid Backbones Of The Glycocalyx In Vivomentioning

confidence: 99%

Don’t sugarcoat it: How glycocalyx composition influences cancer progression

Buffone

Weaver

2019

Journal of Cell Biology

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Mechanical interactions between tumors and the extracellular matrix (ECM) of the surrounding tissues have profound effects on a wide variety of cellular functions. An underappreciated mediator of tumor–ECM interactions is the glycocalyx, the sugar-decorated proteins and lipids that act as a buffer between the tumor and the ECM, which in turn mediates all cell-tissue mechanics. Importantly, tumors have an increase in the density of the glycocalyx, which in turn increases the tension of the cell membrane, alters tissue mechanics, and drives a more cancerous phenotype. In this review, we describe the basic components of the glycocalyx and the glycan moieties implicated in cancer. Next, we examine the important role the glycocalyx plays in driving tension-mediated cancer cell signaling through a self-enforcing feedback loop that expands the glycocalyx and furthers cancer progression. Finally, we discuss current tools used to edit the composition of the glycocalyx and the future challenges in leveraging these tools into a novel tractable approach to treat cancer.

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Glycosaminoglycans and Proteoglycans

Cited by 139 publications

References 51 publications

Host receptors: the key to establishing cells with broad viral tropism for vaccine production

Host receptors: the key to establishing cells with broad viral tropism for vaccine production

Knockdown of chondroitin‐4‐sulfotransferase‐1, but not of dermatan‐4‐sulfotransferase‐1, accelerates regeneration of zebrafish after spinal cord injury

Don’t sugarcoat it: How glycocalyx composition influences cancer progression

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