Glycopolymer‐Grafted Polystyrene Nanospheres

Abstract

The synthesis and characterization of spherical sugar-containing polymer brushes consisting of PS cores onto which chains of sugar-containing polymers have been grafted via two different techniques are described. Photopolymerization in aqueous dispersion using the functional monomer MAGlc and crosslinked or non-crosslinked PS particles covered with a thin layer of photo-initiator yielded homogeneous glycopolymer brushes attached to spherical PS cores. As an alternative, ATRP was used to graft poly-(N-acetylglucosamine) arms from crosslinked PS cores. Deprotection of the grafted brushes led to water-soluble particles that act as carriers for catalytically active gold nanoparticles. These glycopolymer chains show a high affinity to adsorb WGA whereas no binding to BSA or PNA could be detected.

Synthesis of Glycopolymer Architectures by Reversible-Deactivation Radical Polymerization

“…Examples have already emerged of glycopolymer decorated quantum dots [221], and superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles which may be used for in vivo imaging and hyperthermia treatment [249]. Magnetic beads featuring glycopolymer grafts on their surface might be used for specific biocapture applications while glycosylated latex particles [122,196] could be used in protein separation and precipitation or, in the case of fluorescent nanoparticles, for cell imaging [181]. The use of glycopolymers from RDRP as free entities in vivo shall heed the lessons learned by the development of the first polymer therapeutics [250,251]: More hydrophilic polymers are less likely to bind blood proteins and to be immunogenic; with a few exceptions (copolymerization with a ketene acetal, poly(vinyl ester)s) polymers obtained by radical polymerization are non-biodegradable and molar masses ≤30,000 Da shall be targeted to ensure renal elimination; a narrow molar mass distribution is essential to establish robust structure-property relationships.…”

“…The study was then extended to the use of PDVB microspheres and after deprotection with MeONa, N-acetyl-β-D-glucosamine-displaying microspheres were obtained that could be easily dispersed in water and bind wheat germ agglutinin (WGA). In an extension to this work [122], poly(M30) chains were grafted from polystyrene latex nanospheres (d = 100 nm) pre-functionalized with 2-bromoisobutyryloxy groups (Entry 93; Table 2). Analysis of the free chains indicated a uniform glycopolymer (Đ = 1.12) of M n = 96 700 Da, which corresponds to an initiator efficiency of ~0.…”

Synthesis of new photoactive urethane carbohydrates and their behavior in UV or femtosecond laser-induced two-photon polymerization

“…To prepare photocurable materials derived from poly-/oligo or monosaccharides, it is necessary to insert photocrosslinkable functional groups (for instance, (meth)acrylates) onto saccharide skeletons. There are some reports referring to (meth)acrylated polysaccharides (hyaluronan, dextran, heparin, chondroitin sulfate, chitosan, cellulose) [24][25][26] and mono/oligosaccharides (glucose, sucrose, galactose) [27][28][29][30] cured by the UV/Vis photocuring process, and mainly exploited in biomedical applications such as drug delivery, tissue engineering, specific recognition, and antifouling coatings. Besides, cosmetic applications for the methacrylated derivatives of sucrose and sefose (a sucrose completely modified with fatty acid chains) were found in the achievement of human fingernails under UV-light.…”

Gnidia glauca Leaf and Stem Extract Mediated Synthesis of Gold Nanocatalysts with Free Radical Scavenging Potential

“…This reaction is widely used to evaluate the catalytic activity of AuNPs. The reaction does not proceed without catalyst [30][31][32].…”