Glycomacropeptide: Biological Activities and Uses

Jáuregui-Rincón, Juan; Salinas-Miralles, Eva; Chávez-Vela, Norma; Jiménez-Vargas, Mariela

doi:10.5772/intechopen.82144

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…The mechanism by which BSA improves intestinal enzymes may be related to their composition, which includes glycomacropeptide (GMP), which functions in the modulation of digestive and metabolic hormones and promotes the growth of Bifidobacterium longum ssp. infantis in a dose‐dependent manner to modulate intestinal enzymes (Jauregui‐Rincón et al, 2018). In fact, GMP possesses a prebiotic property associated with an increase in short‐chain fatty acid production, mainly acetate and propionate, which could also improve intestinal enzymes (Sawin et al, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral bovine serum albumin administration benefits plasma amino acid profile in blunt snout bream fed high‐fat and high‐energy diet through the TOR signaling pathway

Abasubong,

Jiang,

Adjoumani

et al. 2023

J World Aquaculture Soc

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This study investigated the effect of oral bovine serum albumin (BSA) on plasma amino acid profile and growth performance in blunt snout bream fed high‐fat and high‐energy diets. A total of 360 fish (average weight: 45.84 ± 0.07 g) were randomly divided into three groups in four replicates and fed with the control, high‐fat diet (HFD), and high‐energy diet (HED), respectively. After 12 weeks of feeding, fish were orally administered with 10% BSA for 10 h, with the blood and liver sample obtained at 10 h. The results showed no remarkable difference (p > 0.05) in final weight, weight gain rate, feed conversion ratio, protein efficiency ratio, and daily growth rate among dietary treatments. However, fish fed HFD and HED obtained significantly higher energy and nitrogen retention content than the control. Plasma valine and histidine content were more prevalent in fish fed the control diet than in HFD and HED groups. However, BSA significantly enhanced this content with higher values observed in arginine and alanine content than in control diets at 10 h. Significantly higher liver and plasma Aspartate aminotransferase, Xanthine oxidase, and Glutamate dehydrogenase content were found in the HFD than in the control group. However, the administration of BSA at 10 h improved these parameters similar to the control. Meanwhile, protease, Lipase, aminopeptidase N, carboxypeptidase A, and Na+ K+‐ATPase were influenced significantly (p < 0.001) by sampling time, dietary treatments, and their interaction. Fish fed with the HFD and HED significantly downregulated (p < 0.05) the akt, bcat2, 4e‐bp1, s6k1, and tor expression compared to the control. However, BSA administration at 10 h improved these genes similar to the control. This study indicated that oral BSA administration could benefit plasma amino acid through the TOR signaling pathway in blunt snout bream fed high‐fat and high‐energy diets.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral bovine serum albumin administration benefits plasma amino acid profile in blunt snout bream fed high‐fat and high‐energy diet through the TOR signaling pathway

Abasubong,

Jiang,

Adjoumani

et al. 2023

J World Aquaculture Soc

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“…GMP ability in stimulating the hepatic AKT insulin signaling pathway suggests greater insulin sensitivity. As reported in our recent review [ 10 ], very little attention has so far been paid to the effectiveness of GMP, one of the most biologically active milk components [ 42 ], to restore insulin sensitivity in cardiometabolic disorders. Therefore, our original data are a good start in the global evaluation of the function of GMP in preventing and treating IR.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glycomacropeptide for Management of Insulin Resistance and Liver Metabolic Perturbations

et al. 2021

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Background and Aims: The increasing prevalence and absence of effective global treatment for metabolic syndrome (MetS) are alarming given the potential progression to severe non-communicable disorders such as type 2 diabetes and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. The purpose of this study was to investigate the regulatory role of glycomacropeptide (GMP), a powerful milk peptide, in insulin resistance and liver dysmetabolism, two central MetS conditions. Materials and Methods: C57BL/6 male mice were fed a chow (Ctrl), high-fat, high-sucrose (HFHS) diet or HFHS diet along with GMP (200 mg/kg/day) administered by gavage for 12 weeks. Results: GMP lowered plasma insulin levels (in response to oral glucose tolerance test) and HOMA-IR index, indicating a more elevated systemic insulin sensitivity. GMP was also able to decrease oxidative stress and inflammation in the circulation as reflected by the decline of malondialdehyde, F2 isoprostanes and lipopolysaccharide. In the liver, GMP raised the protein expression of the endogenous anti-oxidative enzyme GPx involving the NRF2 signaling pathway. Moreover, the administration of GMP reduced the gene expression of hepatic pro-inflammatory COX-2, TNF-α and IL-6 via inactivation of the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. Finally, GMP improved hepatic insulin sensitization given the modulation of AKT, p38 MAPK and SAPK/JNK activities, thereby restoring liver homeostasis as revealed by enhanced fatty acid β-oxidation, reduced lipogenesis and gluconeogenesis. Conclusions: Our study provides evidence that GMP represents a promising dietary nutraceutical in view of its beneficial regulation of systemic insulin resistance and hepatic insulin signaling pathway, likely via its powerful antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.

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“…In recent years, glycomacropeptide (cGMP) derived from whey protein and supplemented with amino acids has been introduced as an alternative for phenylalaninefree protein substitutes [64] for patients from the age of 4 years with PKU. cGMP has been associated with prebiotic, antimicrobial, anti-cariogenic, gastric acid inhibitor, appetite control, and immune-modulatory activities [65], suggesting that it might be a good candidate for use as an alternative phenylalanine-free infant formula; however, this type of formula has not been developed for infants with PKU.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenylalanine free infant formula in the dietary management of phenylketonuria

Yilmaz

Cochrane

Wildgoose³

et al. 2023

Orphanet J Rare Dis

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Background Phenylalanine-free infant formula is an essential source of safe protein in a phenylalanine restricted diet, but its efficacy is rarely studied. We report a multicentre, open, longitudinal, prospective intervention study on a phenylalanine-free infant formula (PKU Start: Vitaflo International Ltd.). Results This was a 2-part study: part I (28 days short term evaluation) and part II (12 months extension). Data was collected on infant blood phenylalanine concentrations, dietary intake, growth, and gastrointestinal tolerance. Ten infants (n = 8 males, 80%), with a median age of 14 weeks (range 4–36 weeks) were recruited from 3 treatment centres in the UK. Nine of ten infants completed the 28-day follow-up (one caregiver preferred the usual phenylalanine-free formula and discontinued the study formula after day 14) and 7/9 participated in study part II. The phenylalanine-free infant formula contributed a median of 57% (IQR 50–62%) energy and 53% (IQR 33–66%) of total protein intake from baseline to the end of the part II extension study. During the 12-month follow-up, infants maintained normal growth and satisfactory blood phenylalanine control. Any early gastrointestinal symptoms (constipation, colic, vomiting and poor feeding) improved with time. Conclusion The study formula was well tolerated, helped maintain good metabolic control, and normal growth in infants with PKU. The long-term efficacy of phenylalanine-free infant formula should continue to be observed and monitored.

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Glycomacropeptide: Biological Activities and Uses

Cited by 7 publications

References 75 publications

Oral bovine serum albumin administration benefits plasma amino acid profile in blunt snout bream fed high‐fat and high‐energy diet through the TOR signaling pathway

Oral bovine serum albumin administration benefits plasma amino acid profile in blunt snout bream fed high‐fat and high‐energy diet through the TOR signaling pathway

Glycomacropeptide for Management of Insulin Resistance and Liver Metabolic Perturbations

Phenylalanine free infant formula in the dietary management of phenylketonuria

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