Glycolate Synthesis

Beck, Erwin

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-67242-2_26

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…Due to the oxygenase activity of the D-ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase at low CO 2 and high 02 concentrations, 3-phosphoglycerate and phosphoglycolate are formed in these organisms, the latter being subsequently dephosphorylated to glycolate (Beck 1979). Excreted glycolate accumulates up to 4 gM during the diurnal cycle in the surface water of a eutrophic lake (Plugsee, northern Germany; U. Mtinster, personal communication), and up to 1.3 gM in marine coastal waters (New York Bight;Edenbom and Litchfield 1987).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and characterization of a desulforubidin-containing sulfate-reducing bacterium growing with glycolate

Friedrich

Schink

1995

Archives of Microbiology

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Sulfate-dependent degradation of glycolate was studied with a new sulfate-reducing bacterium, strain PerGlyS, enriched and isolated from marine anoxic sediment. Cells were gram-negative, motile rods with a DNA G+C content of 56.2 + 0.2 tool%. Cytochromes of the b-and ctype and menaquinone-5 were detected. A sulfite reductase of the desulforubidin-type was identified by characteristic absorption maxima at 279, 396, 545, and 580 nm. The purified desulforubidin is a heteropolymer consisting of three subunits with molecular masses of 42.5 (o9, 38.5 ([3), and 13 kDa (7). Strain PerGlyS oxidized glycolate completely to CO2. Lactate, malate, and fumarate were oxidized incompletely, yielding more sulfide and less acetate than expected for typical incomplete oxidation of these substrates. Part of the acetate residues formed was oxidized through the CO-dehydrogenase pathway. The biochemistry of glycolate degradation was investigated in cell-free extracts. A membrane-bound glycolate dehydrogenase, but no glyoxylate-metabolizing enzyme activity was detected; the further degradation pathway is unclear.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and characterization of a desulforubidin-containing sulfate-reducing bacterium growing with glycolate

Friedrich

Schink

1995

Archives of Microbiology

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“…It is also produced by algae and other aerobic photo-and chemoautotrophs during periods of Offprint requests to: M. Friedrich COz limitation and oxygen oversaturation as a side product of the ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase reaction, and subsequent dephosphorylation (Whittingham and Pritchard 1963;Codd et al 1976;Beudeker et al 1981;Beck 1979). Glycolate can also be formed through an oxygenase-dependent hydroxylation of acetate, e. g. for synthesis of glycolyl neuraminic acid (Schauer 1982).…”

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Fermentative degradation of glycolic acid by defined syntrophic cocultures

1991

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Abstract. Three different defined cocultures of glycolatedegrading strictly anaerobic bacteria were isolated from enrichment cultures inoculated with freshwater sediment samples. Each culture contained a primary fermenting bacterium which used only glycolate as growth substrate. These cells were gram-positive, formed terminal oval spores, and did not contain cytochromes. Growth with glycolate was possible only in coculture with either a homoacetogenic bacterium or a hydrogen-utilizing methanogenic bacterium; the overall fermentation balance was either 4 glycolate ~3 acetate + 2CO2, or 4 glycolate ~ 3 CH4 + 5 CO2. These transformations indicate that glycolate was converted by the primary fermenting bacterium entirely to CO2 and reducing equivalents which were transferred to the partner organisms, probably through interspecies hydrogen transfer. The key enzymes of fermentative glycolate degradation were identified in cell-free extracts. An acetyl-CoA and ADP-dependent glyoxylate-converting enzyme activity, malic enzyme, pyruvate synthase, and methyl viologendependent hydrogenase were found at comparably high activities suggesting that these bacteria oxidize glycolate through a new pathway via malyl-CoA, and that ATP is synthesized by substrate-level phosphorylation, in a similar manner as found in a recently isolated glyoxylatefermenting anaerobe.

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Photoexcretion and Fate of Glycolate in a Hot Spring Cyanobacterial Mat

Bateson

Ward

1988

Appl Environ Microbiol

142

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Photosynthesis by Synechococcus lividus, the sole oxygenic phototroph inhabiting the surface of the 55°C cyanobacterial mat in Mushroom Spring, Yellowstone National Park, causes superoxic and alkaline conditions which promote glycolate photoexcretion. At 02 concentrations characteristic of the top 2 mm of mat during the day, up to 11.8% of NaH14CO3 fixed in the light was excreted, and glycolate accounted for up to 58% of the excreted photosynthate. Glycolate was neither incorporated nor metabolized by S. lividus, but it was incorporated by filamentous microorganisms in the mat. Incubation of mat samples with NaH'4CO3 resulted in labeling of both S. lividus and filaments, but the addition of nonradioactive glycolate increased the level of 14C in the aqueous phase and decreased the extent of labeling of filaments. This suggests that cross-feeding of glycolate from S. lividus to filamentous heterotrophs occurs and that underestimation of the extent of photoexcretion is probable.

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Glycolate Synthesis

Cited by 3 publications

References 74 publications

Isolation and characterization of a desulforubidin-containing sulfate-reducing bacterium growing with glycolate

Isolation and characterization of a desulforubidin-containing sulfate-reducing bacterium growing with glycolate

Fermentative degradation of glycolic acid by defined syntrophic cocultures

Photoexcretion and Fate of Glycolate in a Hot Spring Cyanobacterial Mat

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