Glycoglycerolipids

Ishizuka, Ineo; Yamakawa, Tamio

doi:10.1016/s0167-7306(08)60021-6

Cited by 43 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 388 publications

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“…In animal cells, it is considered that sphingolipids are in plasma membranes and construct the lipid bilayer structure of the membranes. 15 ) So, assuming that sphingolipids also exist in plant cell membranes, accumulation of free ceramide and cerebroside at the germinating periods in proportion to the increase in cell number can be explained easily. The changes of sphingosine.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetic Changes in Free Ceramide and Cerebroside during Germination of Black Gram

Kondo¹,

Nakano

1986

Agricultural and Biological Chemistry

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetic Changes in Free Ceramide and Cerebroside during Germination of Black Gram

Kondo¹,

Nakano

1986

Agricultural and Biological Chemistry

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“…After the total lipid extracts were chromatographed on a DEAESephadex A-25 (3), fractions containing seminolipid or cholesterol 3-sulfate were pooled, and the concentration was determined as inorganic sulfate released by acid hydrolysis using ion chromatography. 2 …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Seminolipid (3-sulfogalactosyl-1-alkyl-2-acyl-sn-glycerol) is the principal glycolipid in spermatozoa of mammals comprising, for example, approximately 3% of total lipids and more than 90% of total glycolipids in boar spermatozoa (1)(2)(3). During spermatogenesis, seminolipid is synthesized rapidly in the early phase of spermatocyte development and maintained in subsequent germ cell stages (4 -6).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Requirement of Seminolipid in Spermatogenesis Revealed by UDP-galactose:Ceramide Galactosyltransferase-deficient Mice

Fujimoto¹,

Tadano-Aritomi²,

Tokumasu³

et al. 2000

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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101

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Although seminolipid has long been suspected to play an essential role in spermatogenesis because of its uniquely abundant and temporally regulated expression in the spermatocytes, direct experimental evidence has been lacking. We have tested the hypothesis by examining the testis of the UDP-galactose:ceramide galactosyltransferase-deficient mouse, which is incapable of synthesizing seminolipid. Spermatogenesis in homozygous affected males is arrested at the late pachytene stage and the spermatogenic cells degenerate through the apoptotic process. This stage closely follows the phase of rapid seminolipid synthesis in the wild-type mouse. These observations not only provide the first experimental evidence that seminolipid is indeed essential for normal spermatogenesis but also support the broader concept that cell surface glycolipids are important in cellular differentiation and cell-to-cell interaction.Seminolipid (3-sulfogalactosyl-1-alkyl-2-acyl-sn-glycerol) is the principal glycolipid in spermatozoa of mammals comprising, for example, approximately 3% of total lipids and more than 90% of total glycolipids in boar spermatozoa (1-3). During spermatogenesis, seminolipid is synthesized rapidly in the early phase of spermatocyte development and maintained in subsequent germ cell stages (4 -6). This developmentally regulated rapid synthesis suggested a specific and possibly essential function of seminolipid in spermatogenesis (7) but experimental evidence has been lacking. Firm evidence in support of the speculation would have important bearing to the general concept that cell surface glycoconjugates are important in cellular differentiation, and cell-to-cell interaction (8).Seminolipid is synthesized by sulfation of its precursor, galactosylalkylacylglycerol (GalEAG) 1 . GalEAG is synthesized by UDPgalactose:ceramide galactosyltransferase (CGT, EC 2.4.1.62), which, besides GalEAG, also synthesizes the major myelin galactolipid, galactosylceramide (GalCer), galactosylsphingosine (psychosine), and galactosyldiacylglycerol (GalAAG) (9, 10). The CGTdeficient mice recently generated by gene-targeting do not synthesize any of these products and subsequent derivatives of the products (11)(12)(13)(14). Thus, the CGT-deficient mouse is an ideal experimental model to examine the consequences of lack of seminolipid to spermatogenesis. This report describes the first definitive evidence that deficient seminolipid biosynthesis indeed causes devastating disruption of the normal spermatogenetic process. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURESMice-The mice heterozygous for the disrupted Cgt gene (11) were originally supplied by Dr. B. Popko and maintained by backcrossing to C57BL/6N. Genotype was determined according to Coetzee et al. (11). WBB6F1 Kit W/W-v and WBB6F1 Mg f Sl/Sl-d mutant mice were purchased from Japan SLC, Inc., and C57BL/6N inbred mice were purchased from CLEA Japan, Inc. Isolation of Testicular Germ Cells-Testicular germ cells were isolated from decapsulated testes of sexually mature male C57BL/6N mice (15).RT-PCR Analysis-RNA...

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“…trifolii. Several roles for glycosyl diacylglycerol-type glycolipids in bacteria have been proposed (22,24,43,46), including their main role as integral stabilizing membrane lipids providing structural adaptation to environmental changes, specific activation or inhibition of catalytic membrane-associated proteins, compensation of cell viability when peptidoglycan rigidity is reduced, interactions with extracellular lectins, adaptation to growth on surfaces, and aggregation to form membrane pores through which ions and hydrophilic metabolites may pass. All of these roles assigned to bacterial glycosyl diacylglycerol glycolipids are of potential relevance to the ecological niche of rhizobia that enables them to participate in a complex symbiotic interaction with legumes.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…is a member of a family of diverse glycosyl diacylglycerols which are widespread membrane glycolipids of plants (22,23,43), animals (30,47), and gram-positive bacteria (22,24,43), but their occurrence in gram-negative bacteria has been reported for only a few species of the genera Pseudomonas, Bacteroides, Spirochaetes, and Mycoplasma and photosynthetic bacteria (22,24). In this study, we report on the results of the screen which led to identification of BF-7 as a glycolipid whose accumulation in R leguminosarum bv.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Flavone-enhanced accumulation and symbiosis-related biological activity of a diglycosyl diacylglycerol membrane glycolipid from Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar trifolii

et al. 1994

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Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii is the bacterial symbiont which induces nitrogen-fixing root nodules on the leguminous host, white clover (Trifolium repens L.). In this plant-microbe interaction, the host plant excretes a flavone, 4',7-dihydroxyflavone (DHF), which activates expression of nodulation genes, enabling the bacterial symbiont to elicit various symbiosis-related morphological changes in its roots. We have investigated the accumulation of a diglycosyl diacylglycerol (BF-7) in wild-type R. kguminosarum bv. trifolii ANU843 when grown with DHF and the biological activities of this glycolipid bacterial factor on host and nonhost legumes. In vivo labeling stud-ies indicated that wild-type ANU843 cells accumulate BF-7 in response to DHF, and this flavone-enhanced alteration in membrane glycolipid composition was suppressed in isogenic nod4::TnS and nodD::TnS mutant derivatives. Seedling bioassays performed under microbiologically controlled conditions indicated that subnanomolar concentrations of purified BF-7 elicit various symbiosis-related morphological responses on white clover roots, including thick short roots, root hair deformation, and foci of cortical cell divisions. Roots of the nonhost legumes alfalfa and vetch were much less responsive to BF-7 at these low concentrations. A structurally distinct diglycosyl diacylglycerol did not induce these responses on white clover, indicating structural constraints in the biological activity of BF-7 on this legume host. In bioassays using aminoethoxyvinylglycine to suppress plant production of ethylene, BF-7 elicited a meristematic rather than collaroid type of mitogenic response in the root cortex of white clover. These results indicate an involvement of flavone-activated nod expression in membrane accumulation of BF-7 and a potent ability of this diglycosyl diacylglycerol glycolipid to perform as a bacterial factor enabling R. leguminosarum bv. trifolii to activate segments of its host's symbiotic program during early development of the root nodule symbiosis.At early stages in development of the Rhizobium-legume symbiosis, the bacterial symbiont expresses several nodulation (nod) genes located on its symbiotic plasmid (pSym) (12, 27). The action of certain pSym nod genes is correlated with the production of specific molecules capable of acting as signals to elicit various symbiosis-related morphological responses in the plant root, including root hair deformations (Had), induction of foci of cortical cell divisions (Ccd), and a thick, short root (Tsr) (reviewed in references 2, 3, and 16). The functions of Nod proteins are necessary for bacterium-plant signaling that enables rhizobia to successfully infect and nodulate the host legume, leading to establishment of a nitrogen-fixing symbiosis (10, 48).Recent studies have described a family of Rhizobium noddependent chitolipooligosaccharides, first reported by Lerouge et al. (26) Rhizobium lipopolysaccharides, which are released from the bacteria into the external root environment and modulate primary infe...

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Glycoglycerolipids

Cited by 43 publications

References 388 publications

Kinetic Changes in Free Ceramide and Cerebroside during Germination of Black Gram

Kinetic Changes in Free Ceramide and Cerebroside during Germination of Black Gram

Requirement of Seminolipid in Spermatogenesis Revealed by UDP-galactose:Ceramide Galactosyltransferase-deficient Mice

Flavone-enhanced accumulation and symbiosis-related biological activity of a diglycosyl diacylglycerol membrane glycolipid from Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar trifolii

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