Glycogen and Water Responses to Estrogen in the Hamster Reproductive Tract

Gregoire, A. T.; Richardson, Donald W.

doi:10.1210/endo-87-6-1369

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…Glycogen is a glucose polymer converted to disaccharides by α-amylase, and can be used by lactobacilli and other bacteria (16) as an energy source. Estrogen has been proposed to enhance glycogen in the human vaginal epithelium (28, 29), and glycogen is experimentally enhanced in the vaginal tissues of estrogen-treated hamsters, and non-human primates (30, 31). As DMPA is potently anti-estrogenic (4), we examined whether DMPA was associated with lower levels of free glycogen and α-amylase in the vaginal microenvironment as compared to NH women (with endogenous hormones), or those on estrogen-containing OCPs.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This suggests that regardless of host species, MPA affects carbohydrate resources within the vaginal microenvironment, and bacterial species able to access the vaginal tract and thrive under the new conditions respond accordingly. Additionally, estrogen is believed to enhance glycogen in human vaginal epithelium (28, 29), and experimentally enhances vaginal glycogen in hamsters, and non-human primates (30, 31), via incompletely understood mechanisms. DMPA is hypo-estrogenic (Supplemental Figure 2A) and might therefore restrict glycogen by reducing endogenous estrogen.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Medroxyprogesterone acetate mediated alteration in the vaginal microbiota and microenvironment in a Kenyan sex worker cohort

Lajoie

Mij

et al. 2018

Preprint

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38The hormonal contraceptive Medroxyprogesterone Acetate (MPA) is associated with increased 39 risk of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), via incompletely understood mechanisms. 40 Increased diversity in the vaginal microbiota modulates genital inflammation and is associated 41 with increased HIV-1 acquisition. However, the effect of MPA on diversity of the vaginal 42 microbiota is relatively unknown. In a cohort of female Kenyan sex workers, negative for sexually 43 transmitted infections (STIs), with Nugent Scores <7 (N=58 of 370 screened), MPA correlated 44 with significantly increased diversity of the vaginal microbiota as assessed by 16S rRNA gene 45 sequencing. MPA was also significantly associated with low vaginal glycogen and α-amylase, 46 factors implicated in vaginal colonization by lactobacilli, bacteria believed to protect against STIs. 47Introduction: 56 Meta-analyses suggest the injectable progestin-based contraceptive Depot-Medroxyprogesterone 57 Acetate (DMPA) increases heterosexual acquisition of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV-1) 58 1.4-fold (1), while a prospective study reported women using injectable progestins were at 3.5 59 times increased risk of HIV acquisition compared to women not using long-term hormonal 60 contraceptives (2). These statistics are particularly troubling because DMPA is a popular 61 contraceptive in Africa (3), where HIV-1 prevalence is greatest. Studies have suggested several 62 biological mechanisms, including hypo-estrogenism, by which DMPA might enhance 63 susceptibility to HIV-1 and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) (4). However, few (5-10) 64 examine the relationship between hormonal contraceptives and the vaginal microbiota (VMB), 65 even though diverse VMB, low in Lactobacillus species, confers a 4-fold increased risk of HIV-1 66 (11). Herein, we determined the effect of MPA (active component of DMPA) on several factors 67 within the vaginal microenvironment of Kenyan sex workers, including diversity of the VMB. 68 69 The VMB is a bacterial community lining vaginal epithelial cells (12). Unlike the diverse gut 70 microbiota, the VMB is generally low in diversity, and five community state types, including four 71 dominated by a Lactobacillus species have been described (12). Two factors thought to maintain 72 vaginal lactobacilli are glycogen, stored in epithelial cells and available as free glycogen in vaginal 73 fluid (13-15), and α-amylase, an enzyme that catabolizes glycogen for use by lactobacilli and other 74 bacteria (16) as energy. Similar to the gut, the VMB modifies immunity. The VMB alters 75 inflammation in the female genital tract (17), and is implicated in reproductive health and disease. 76 Several factors including ethnicity (12), STIs (18), bacterial vaginosis (BV) (19, 20), and sex work 77 (21) have been reported to impact VMB composition. This study was designed to examine the 78 4 effect of hormonal contraceptives on the VMB of healthy, asymptomatic Kenyan sex workers to 79 determine if DMPA is associated with changes...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Medroxyprogesterone acetate mediated alteration in the vaginal microbiota and microenvironment in a Kenyan sex worker cohort

Lajoie

Mij

et al. 2018

Preprint

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“…Topical administration of small quantities or injection of increasing amounts of estradi-01 causes a positive increase in the amount of glycogen in either the rat (13) or the hamster vaginal tissue (9). The guinea pig vaginal glycogen, however, did not differ with hormone levels administered, indicating the vaginal tissue of this species does not react to estrogen administration as the rat or the hamster.…”

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confidence: 87%

“…In rat (8) and hamster uterine tissue (9) glycogen synthesis is maximum with 1 pg of estradiol and completed by 12 hr. The guinea pig is unique in laboratory species investigated in that the uterine glycogen content is unaffected by either small or large amounts of estradiol, or a combination of two ovarian steroids.…”

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confidence: 95%

“…The guinea pig is unique in laboratory species investigated in that the uterine glycogen content is unaffected by either small or large amounts of estradiol, or a combination of two ovarian steroids. Hamster (10) and rat (1 1) cervical tissue exhibits a cyclic rise in glycogen content at estrus and the hamster responds in a linear positive manner with dose and time to increasing levels of estradiol (9). The cervical tissue glycogen levels in the rat are greater than vaginal tissue, but less than uterine tissue levels (12) and glycogen synthesis is maximal with 25 pg of estradiol.…”

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The Effect of Estrogen and Progesterone on Genital Tract Weight and Glycogen Content in Ovariectomized Guinea Pigs

Gregoire

Goldfoot

Goy

1972

Experimental Biology and Medicine

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Cyclic changes of human mammary gland epithelium in relation to the menstrual cycle—an ultrastructural study

Fanger

Ree

1974

Cancer

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The ultrastructure of resisting human female mammary gland epithelium was studied in 21 females of reproductive age (15–36 years) with regular menstrual cycles. Grossly and light microscopically normal appearing breast tissue contiguous to benign lesions was selected and processed at the time of frozen section diagnosis. Acino‐ductular epithelium was ultrastructurally classifiable into two major categories: Phase I—non‐secretory, and Phase II—potentially secretory. The above cells were often further classifiable into Phase IA cells, whose main feature was prominent intracellular fluid retention, and Phase IIA epithelium, characterized by cytoplasmic glycogen deposits. The preovulatory phase of the menstrual cycle was associated with a peak number of Phase I cells, while in the postovulatory phase there was a preponderance of Phase II cells. In the late preovulatory phase, Phase IA cells, and in the early postovulatory phase, Phase IIA cells were more commonly found. The relationship between the menstrual stage and cyclic changes in the ultrastructural morphology of mammary gland epithelium presumably represents the effects of ovarian steroid activity on the cellular physiology of an endocrine‐sensitive end organ; this is a cell biological phenomenon parallel to the better known cyclic cellular alterations occurring in the endometrium during the normal menstrual cycle. An understanding of the cyclic ultrastructural changes of mammary gland epithelium may lay the basis for a sounder and more meaningful interpretation of breast pathology and its pathogenesis.

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Glycogen and Water Responses to Estrogen in the Hamster Reproductive Tract

Cited by 9 publications

References 11 publications

Medroxyprogesterone acetate mediated alteration in the vaginal microbiota and microenvironment in a Kenyan sex worker cohort

Medroxyprogesterone acetate mediated alteration in the vaginal microbiota and microenvironment in a Kenyan sex worker cohort

The Effect of Estrogen and Progesterone on Genital Tract Weight and Glycogen Content in Ovariectomized Guinea Pigs

Cyclic changes of human mammary gland epithelium in relation to the menstrual cycle—an ultrastructural study

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