Glycoconjugates from high endothelial cells: I. Partial characterization of a sulphated glycoconjugate from the high endothelial cells of rat lymph nodes

The introductory review amplifies the finding that simply holding lymphocytes in vitro reversibly compromises their ability to enter lymph nodes from the blood, although entry into the spleen is unaffected. The differential migration of T and B lymphocytes from the blood, lymphocyte traffic in athymic rats, and the secretion of a sulphated glycoconjugate by high endothelial cells in lymph nodes are also discussed. Original data are presented concerning the effects of varying the conditions under which lymphocytes are held in vitro (time, temperature, medium, centrifugation) on their ability to enter lymph nodes and also on their surface morphology. In general, conditions that reduced the number of microvilli and induced surface blebbing also tended to affect the delicate function of crossing specialized vascular endothelium; but there was no simple relationship between morphology and migratory behavior. The localization of lymphocytes to the bone marrow was augmented by holding them in vitro, and this effect was greater after holding at room temperature (RT) than at 0 degree C, in contrast to impaired entry into lymph nodes. Small amounts of heparin (10 units) injected along with lymphocytes significantly reduced early localization in lymph nodes. These findings have practical implications for the design of lymphocyte traffic experiments and are relevant to the mechanism of lymphocyte attachment to vascular endothelium, since the well-known effect of trypsinizing lymphocytes can be reproduced by maintenance in vitro.

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The migration of lymphocytes across specialized vascular endothelium: VIII. Physical and chemical conditions influencing the surface morphology of lymphocytes and their ability to enter lymph nodes

Ford

Allen

Pitt

et al. 1984

Am. J. Anat.

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Modification of lymphocyte migration by sulfated polysaccharides

Brenan

Parish

1986

Eur J Immunol

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The role of sulfated polysaccharides in lymphocyte migration has been analyzed in vivo using lymphocytes labeled with an intracellular DNA-binding fluorochrome Hoechst 33342. The influence of a panel of sulfated polysaccharides on entry (by injecting the sulfated polysaccharide prior to the labeled cells) and displacement from lymphoid organs (by injecting the sulfated polysaccharide after the labeled cells have localized) indicated that different sulfated polysaccharides have selective effects on entry and displacement, and furthermore positioning of subpopulations within organs. Additional experiments suggested that receptors for sulfated polysaccharides on high endothelial venules may interact with complementary structures on lymphocytes. The data supporting this conclusion were: (a) the normal localization behavior of lymphocytes preincubated with sulfated polysaccharides; (b) an inverse relationship between the expression of lymphocyte surface receptors for sulfated polysaccharides and the ability of the lymphocytes to enter lymphoid organs and (c) the selective binding of sulfated polysaccharide-coupled fluoresceinated beads to high endothelial venules. In this case only the beads coupled with the sulfated polysaccharides that inhibited entry bound to the high endothelial venules. These findings are discussed in terms of a fundamental cellular recognition system utilizing sulfated polysaccharides.

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Interactions between endothetial cells and leukocytes

Butcher

Lewinsohn

Duijvestijn

et al. 1986

J of Cellular Biochemistry

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We present evidence that specific receptors are utilized by neutrophils to control their interaction with endothelial cells at sites of acute inflammation and that these receptors are related if not identical to lymphocyte "homing receptors" for lymphoid tissue high endothelium. We speculate that such receptors play a fundamental but not exclusive role in controlling the extravasation and tissue localization of all bone marrow-derived nucleated cells. In addition, we emphasize the active role of endothelial cells in the process of lymphocyte migration and leukocyte extravasation. By the expression of as yet unidentified organ-specific determinants for lymphocyte recognition, endothelial cells control the exit of particular lymphocyte subsets into mucosal versus nonmucosal sites, thus helping to determine the unique features of mucosal versus nonmucosal immune responses. Furthermore, we argue that endothelial cells are exquisitely responsive to local immune reactivity and present evidence that specific lymphokines, including gamma-interferon, play an important role in inducing postcapillary venules to express differentiated features required for the support of lymphocyte traffic into lymphoid organs and into sites of chronic inflammation. Leukocytes, endothelial cells, and probably other tissue cell classes appear to interact at multiple levels by a variety of mechanisms to regulate the local extravasation of immune effector cells.

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Glycoconjugates from high endothelial cells: I. Partial characterization of a sulphated glycoconjugate from the high endothelial cells of rat lymph nodes

Cited by 22 publications

References 20 publications

The migration of lymphocytes across specialized vascular endothelium: VIII. Physical and chemical conditions influencing the surface morphology of lymphocytes and their ability to enter lymph nodes

The migration of lymphocytes across specialized vascular endothelium: VIII. Physical and chemical conditions influencing the surface morphology of lymphocytes and their ability to enter lymph nodes

Modification of lymphocyte migration by sulfated polysaccharides

Interactions between endothetial cells and leukocytes

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