Glycoalkaloids as medicinal agents from callus and regenerated plants of Solanum nigrum var. judaicum

Abstract

The target of this study is production of glycoalkaloids from cultures of Solanum nigrum var. judaicum Besser. Further, to evaluate their therapeutic effects. S. nigrum var. judaicum leaves were implanted in MS media containing growth regulators for in vitro study. HPLC analyses were applied for qualitative and quantitative determination of glycoalkaloids. Cytotoxic effects against human carcinoma cell lines were evaluated. In addition, antiviral, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiparasitic activities of the formed glycoalkaloids were estimated. HPLC data indicated the success of in vitro solasodine and solanidine glycosides production. Solasonine represented the highest concentration. Biological assays illustrated that obtained glycoalkaloids exhibited cytotoxic activity against human carcinoma cell lines that may be attributed to free radical scavenging activity (69.98%). Strong antiherps performance was observed (94%). In addition, the glycoalkaloids showed in vitro schistomicidal (IC50 76.4 ppm) and fasciolicidal (IC50 76.6 ppm) activities. In vivo anti-inflammatory assay revealed potent activity against carrageenan induced edema. Glycoalkaloids were formed 2-5 folds that of intact plant pointed to the efficiency of the cultures. The present findings referred to the pronounced biological performance of the produced glycoalkaloids including antiviral, cytotoxic anti-inflammatory and antiparasitic activities. Botanical derived medication from S. nigrum var. judaicum could be accomplished guided with the present data.

African nightshades (Solanum nigrum complex): The potential contribution to human nutrition and livelihoods in sub‐Saharan Africa

“…It prevented cervical carcinoma and showed schistosomicidal effect against S. mansoni , and fasciolicidal effect against Fasciola hepatica . Additionally, it has an inhibitory effect against HSV‐1 (Al‐Ashaal, 2019). Steroidal alkaloid solanine A from S. scabrum demonstrated anti‐inflammatory activity on Institute of Cancer Research mice (ICR) or albino mice and suppressed the production of nitric oxide in lipopolysaccharide/interferon γ‐activated RAW264.7 cells (Zhao et al, 2018).…”

“…Solanum nigrum accession (USDA PI 381239) contains trace levels of glycoalkaloids (Lyu et al., 2020). However, the glycoalkaloids (solasodine, solanine, and solamargine) are high in berries compared to shoots and leaves of S. nigrum , with solasonine being high in the shoots of S. nigrum (Al‐Ashaal, 2019). Glycoalkaloids in unripe berries of S. nigrum are equivalent to 356 mg/100 g DW.…”

“…Solanum scabrum and S. villosum methanol leaves extracts lack glycoalkaloids but are present in S. villosum Grif 16939 and S. nigrum PI 381290 accessions in a very low concentration of 50 μg/g DW or 1 mg/100 g FW (Yuan et al., 2018). Alkaloids have therapeutic effects such as cytotoxic against human carcinoma cells and anti‐inflammatory against psoriasis (Al‐Ashaal, 2019; Kumar et al., 2012). It prevented cervical carcinoma and showed schistosomicidal effect against S. mansoni , and fasciolicidal effect against Fasciola hepatica .…”

“…Solanum scabrum mature berries contain up to 1500 mg of glycoalkaloids (Yuan et al., 2019). Such a high concentration of glycoalkaloids in berries could be essential for medicinal purposes (Al‐Ashaal, 2019). Mature berries of some accessions contain low amounts of glycoalkaloids and could be potential for consumption in SSA.…”

Constraints to utilization of the African nightshades and the effects of lactic acid fermentation on its nutritional and sensory qualities

“…Solanum scabrum and S. villosum methanol leave extracts lack glycoalkaloids but are present in S. villosum Grif 16939 and S. nigrum PI 381290 accessions in a very low concentration of 50 ug/g DW or 1 mg/100 g FW (Yuan et al, 2018). Alkaloids have therapeutic effects such as cytotoxic against human carcinoma cells and anti-inflammatory against psoriasis (Kumar et al, 2012;Al-Ashaal, 2019).…”