Glycoalkaloid change during the domestication of the potato, Solanum Section Petota

Johns, Timothy; Alonso, J Galindo

doi:10.1007/bf00023646

Cited by 59 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…This compound was not found in the accession of the closely-related S. multidissectum, a species regarded as synonymous with S. canasense by Spooner and Hijmans (2001). It is abundant in S. canasense tubers, as previously recorded by Johns and Alonso (1990), and is not found in cultivated species tubers, implying that either this particular taxon was not directly involved in the origin of S. tuberosum, or that selection by man has effectively removed the glycoalkaloid from the cultivated gene pool.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…In selected ion mode, ions with molecular masses corresponding to the sequential loss of each of the expected four sugars present in the carbohydrate side-chain of dehydrocommersonine could be detected as well as that corresponding to the solanidine aglycone. In view of the fact that this compound has previously been reported to be present in some accessions of this species (Johns and Alonso 1990), the peak was tentatively identified as the solanidine-based glycoalkaloid, dehydrocommersonine. As no commercial source for this compound could be found, a true relative response factor was not be determined.…”

Section: Chemical Analysismentioning

confidence: 97%

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Patterns of solanidine glycoalkaloid variation in four gene pools of the cultivated potato

Ramsay¹,

Griffiths²,

Deighton³

2005

Genet Resour Crop Evol

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Patterns of variation for the solanidine-based glycoalkaloids have been determined for tuber material of genebank accessions of landraces of the cultivated potato and three closely-related wild species. Total levels were low in the cultivated taxa investigated, S. phureja, S. stenotomum, and the tetraploid S. tuberosum in its two forms S. tuberosum ssp. tuberosum and S. tuberosum ssp. andigena. The only solanidine-based glycolkaloids found in the tubers investigated in this study were -solanine and -chaconine, with one additional related compound, dehydrocommersonine, found in tubers of an accession of S. canasense. The ratio of chaconine : solanine differed markedly from a mean of 0.98 in S. phureja to 2.28 in Chilean S. tuberosum ssp. tuberosum. The chaconine : solanine ratio was relatively constant within these two taxa, reflecting their relatively narrow genetic bases, but was much more variable within the taxa regarded as ancestral, S. stenotomum and S. tuberosum ssp. andigena. The wild species S. sparsipilum has been implicated in the origin of the tetraploid potato, S. tuberosum, but there was no support for this from the patterns of variation in chaconine : solanine ratio. The cline of chaconine : solanine ratios in cultivated potatoes along the spine of S. America does not appear to relate to the influence of local wild species through introgression, but may instead reflect differing selective pressures acting in different parts of the native range of the cultivated potato.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Section: Chemical Analysismentioning

confidence: 97%

Patterns of solanidine glycoalkaloid variation in four gene pools of the cultivated potato

Ramsay¹,

Griffiths²,

Deighton³

2005

Genet Resour Crop Evol

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“…Leaves of this species showed comparatively low GA concentrations (227 mg 100 g −1 dw). S. curtilobum is known for its bitterness and potentially toxic action (Johns and Alonso 1990). As a result, tubers of this species are usually consumed after detoxification or together with edible clay, which binds the GAs (Johns 1986).…”

Section: Quantitative Analyses Of Gas In Leaf and Tuber Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification and Quantification of Steroidal Alkaloids from Wild Tuber-Bearing Solanum Species by HPLC and LC-ESI-MS

Distl

Wink

2009

Potato Res.

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Wild Solanum species are characterized by several types of glycoalkaloids (GAs), which are usually not found in commercial potato cultivars. These alkaloids serve as defence compounds against herbivores and microorganisms, especially fungi. In this study, the GA composition of tuber and leaf material of 17 wild Solanum species was analysed qualitatively by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS) and quantitatively by high-performance liquid chromatography. The GAs identified were α-solanine, α-chaconine, β-chaconine, solasonine, solamargine, demissine, dehydrodemissine, α-tomatine, dehydrotomatine, commersonine, dehydrocommersonine, leptine I and leptine II. Most species accumulated the common potato GAs α-solanine and α-chaconine in tubers and solasonine and solamargine additionally in leaves. In some species, such as S. acaule ssp. acaule, S. demissum and S. polyadenium, substantial amounts of unusual alkaloids were detected. By using LC-ESI-MS, we detected several minor alkaloids such as dehydrogenated forms of α-tomatine, demissine and commersonine for the first time. Total GA content, expressed as the sum of the four main alkaloids α-solanine, α-chaconine, solamargine and solasonine differed from species to species. In general, GA contents in leaf tissue were higher and GA patterns were more complex than those of tubers.

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“…These two facets of human chemical ecologyinteractions in the agroecosystems that have become the major providers of our food over the last 10,000 years, and interactions between humans and the plants they ingestare inextricably linked. We have fashioned highly edible plant foods by selecting against allelochemicals in many crop plants (Johns 1990;Johns and Alonso 1990;Wink 1988), but the durability of this solution depends on our ability to fashion sustainable agroecosystems, in which, for example, direct chemical defences are replaced by indirect defences, i.e. protection by farmers (Glass and Thurston 1978;Ruelle and Bruggers 1982).…”

Section: Connecting Ecosystems and The Human Organismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical ecology in coupled human and natural systems: people, manioc, multitrophic interactions and global change

et al. 2010

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Chemical ecology provides unique perspectives for managing plant/human interactions to achieve food security. Allelochemicals function as chemical defences of crop plants, enhancing yields. While ingested allelochemicals can confer health benefits to humans, at higher concentrations they are often toxic. The delicate balance between their positive and negative effects in crop plants is influenced by many factors. Some of these-how environment affects optimal levels of defence, how metabolic interactions with nutrients affect toxicity of ingested allelochemicals-are the province of chemical ecology. These biological factors, however, interact with social factors, and neither can be studied independently. Chemical ecologists must work together with social scientists to understand the overall system. Here, we illustrate such an integrative approach, analysing the interactions between people and the major tropical crop manioc, which contains cyanogenic glucosides. Polymorphism for cyanogen levels in manioc facilitates analysis of how costs and benefits of crop defences vary among social systems. We first show how people/ manioc interactions diversified in this crop's Amazonian homeland, then turn to the remarkable cultural adaptations of African farmers since manioc's introduction 400 years ago. Finally, we evaluate new coevolutionary challenges in parts of Africa where people are still unfamiliar with a potentially dangerous crop. Current environmental and social catastrophes have restricted farmers' options, resulting in acute problems in health of humans and ecosystems. We show that high cyanogen levels confer important agronomic advantages, but also impose costs and constraints that can only be understood when biology is coupled with analysis of social, cultural and economic factors. Detoxifying manioc technologically requires know-how, time, water and other resources. Detoxifying residual dietary cyanogens metabolically depends on being able to grow, or to buy, the nutrients required for detoxification, primarily sulphur-rich proteins. Solutions that appear adaptive today may not be in the future, as changing climate, rising atmospheric CO 2 levels and decreased access to fertilizers affect productivity of crops and the nutrient and allelochemical composition of the foods they are used to produce.

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Glycoalkaloid change during the domestication of the potato, Solanum Section Petota

Cited by 59 publications

References 21 publications

Patterns of solanidine glycoalkaloid variation in four gene pools of the cultivated potato

Patterns of solanidine glycoalkaloid variation in four gene pools of the cultivated potato

Identification and Quantification of Steroidal Alkaloids from Wild Tuber-Bearing Solanum Species by HPLC and LC-ESI-MS

Chemical ecology in coupled human and natural systems: people, manioc, multitrophic interactions and global change

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