Glycine transport in mouse eggs and preimplantation embryos

Hobbs, J. G.; Kaye, Peter L.

doi:10.1530/jrf.0.0740077

Cited by 67 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…We therefore believe that this procedure reflects the embryonic levels of 125I-labelled BSA at the time of removal from the radioactive medium. These observations are similar to those for glycine transport (Hobbs & Kaye, 1985).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Immediately after the hCG injection they were placed with individual males and inspected at 09:00 h the next day for vaginal plugs. Two-cell embryos, morulae and blastocysts were collected from the mated females (respectively 24, 48 and 72 h later) and washed in Medium M2 (Fulton & Whittingham, 1978) modified as previously described (Hobbs & Kaye, 1985).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Whole protein uptake and metabolism by mouse blastocysts

Pemble¹,

Kaye²

1986

Reproduction

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Whole protein uptake and metabolism by mouse blastocysts

Pemble¹,

Kaye²

1986

Reproduction

Self Cite

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“…The utilization of amino acids by the embryo is flexible (Gardner 1998), when individual amino acids of exogenous are limited, other amino acids may be converted to the required kind of amino acid and then utilized. For example, Gly may be converted to Ser and Ala after being taken up by a mouse embryo (Hobbs & Kaye 1985). When the embryos were cultured by two-steps, in PZM3-D3OF for the first 48, 72, and 96 hours and then transferred into PZM3-D5UF, both blastocyst development rate and embryo quality were not affected.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concentration and composition of free amino acids and osmolalities of porcine oviductal and uterine fluid and their effects on development of porcine IVF embryos

Whitworth

Lai

et al. 2007

Molecular Reproduction Devel

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The concentration of free amino acids and the osmolalities in porcine oviductal (OF) and uterine fluids (UF) on Day 3 (D3) and Day 5 (D5) were measured by HPLC and Vapor Pressure Osmometer, respectively. Based on these measurements we designed new media based on PZM3 by modifying the amino acid composition and osmolality. The effectiveness of the modified PZM3 on the development of porcine IVF embryos was then investigated. A total of 24 free amino acids were measured, including 20 protein and 4 non-protein amino acids (β Alanine, Taurine, Ornithine and Citrulline). There was no significant difference in the total concentration of amino acids among D3OF (13.06±3.63 mmol/L), D3UF (10.54±5.16 mmol/L) or D5UF (10.23±6.69 mmol/L). But the total concentration of amino acids in D5OF (5.89±1.47 mmol/L) was significantly lower than the three fluids above. Some individual amino acids varied significantly depending on where they were collected from and the day. The blastocyst rates of porcine IVF embryos were not improved when embryos were cultured in PZM3 with amino acids at D3OF (PZM3-D3OF, 20.3±7.9%) or D5UF (PZM3-D5UF, 14.3±10.7%) concentrations or in PZM3-D3OF for the first 48 (20.5±15.1), 72 (25.6 ±10.4) and 96 (18.7±10.0) hours and then transferred into PZM3-D5UF compared with PZM3 with Sigma amino acid solution (PZM3-SAA) (30.8±9.1%). However, when IVF embryos were cultured in PZM3-D5UF, the average nuclear number per blastocyst (57.6±8.3) was increased compared to PZM3-SAA (40.5±3.5). The osmolalities in D3OF, D3UF, D5OF and D5UF were 318±8, 320±32, 321 and 293±8 mOsM, respectively. When the IVF embryos were cultured in PZM3-SAA and PZM3-D3OF at a variety of osmolalities (150-360mOsM), higher blastocyst rates were obtained at 270-300 mOsM in the PZM3-SAA group (24.6%-33.9%) and 270-290 mOsM in PZM3-D3OF group (22.4%-24.2%). The blastocyst rate gradually decreased when the osmolality was increased or decreased in both groups. When the embryos were cultured in PZM3-SAA at 330 mOsM for the first 72 hours and then transferred to 250 mOsM (33.3±3.4%), the blastocyst rate was higher than original PZM3 (21.2±2.2%)(288 mOsM).

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“…Glycine is a potent osmolyte that provides protective effects to developing embryos against detrimental rises in media osmolality [5,9,10]. The Na + and Cl − dependent GLYT transporter used by glycine is found in cleavage stage embryos in the mouse [11][12][13][14], and also in humans [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dipeptide forms of glycine support mouse preimplantation embryo development in vitro and provide protection against high media osmolality

Moravek

Fisseha

Swain

2012

J Assist Reprod Genet

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Purpose To examine potential benefits of dipeptide forms of amino acids for embryo culture by determining ability of dipeptide glycine forms to support embryo development, act as osmolytes, and reduce ammonia production. Methods Frozen thawed 1-cell mouse embryos were cultured in media with varying osmolality with glycine and dipeptide forms of glycine and development assessed. Ammonia levels were measured in various media. Results Dipeptide forms of glycine, alanyl-and glycylglycine, can support mouse embryo development in vitro. Additionally, dipeptide glycine can act as an organic osmolyte in developing embryos, permitting blastocyst formation in high osmolality media. Interestingly, as evidenced by decreased embryo development, dipeptides are not as efficient as osmolytes as their constituent individual amino acids. Dipeptide glycine produced less ammonia than glycine. Conclusion Though dipeptides can provide osmoregulation in preimplantation embryos, efficacy may be lower than individual amino acids. The mechanism by which embryos transport and utilize dipeptide amino acids remains to be identified.

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Glycine transport in mouse eggs and preimplantation embryos

Cited by 67 publications

References 18 publications

Whole protein uptake and metabolism by mouse blastocysts

Whole protein uptake and metabolism by mouse blastocysts

Concentration and composition of free amino acids and osmolalities of porcine oviductal and uterine fluid and their effects on development of porcine IVF embryos

Dipeptide forms of glycine support mouse preimplantation embryo development in vitro and provide protection against high media osmolality

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