Glycine-rich protein genes, which encode a major component of the cuticle, have different developmental profiles from other cuticle protein genes in Bombyx mori

Genome-wide identification of cuticular protein genes in the silkworm, Bombyx mori

“…Andersen et al (1995) predicted that GG repeats would form turns, and some cuticular proteins contain glycine-rich regions, including GG repeats (Charles et al, 1992;Suzuki et al, 2002;Krogh et al, 1995;Zhong et al, 2006). We found 29 putative cuticular protein genes that included GGYGG/GGXGG repeats and labeled these genes as CPG (cuticular protein glycine-rich, BmorCPG1-BmorCPG29; BR000422-BR000450).…”

“…Brackets indicate species-specific clades (made from three or more genes), and chromosomal location of Bombyx genes is shown in parenthesis. responses from the wing discs of the fifth larval instar of B. mori (Takeda et al, 2001;Noji et al, 2003;Zhong et al, 2006). Recently, we isolated a novel cuticular protein gene from the EST database of N124 and C124 B. mori strains, with reference to the arrangement of Gu and Willis (2003), and named it BMWCP11 (GenBank accession number AB236661).…”

“…In the silkworm, B. mori, 28 cuticular protein genes have been already reported before merging the two genome data sets (Supplementary Table 1; Nakato et al, 1990Nakato et al, , 1997Takeda et al, 2001;Suzuki et al, 2002;Sawada et al, 2003;Noji et al, 2003;Zhong et al, 2006;Togawa et al, 2007). Here we performed a genome-wide screen for cuticular protein genes in the silkworm, B. mori.…”

Mutation of TweedleD, a member of an unconventional cuticle protein family, alters body shape in Drosophila

“…Although none of the 27 Tweedle genes in Drosophila has been studied previously, a recent report describes a characterization of a related gene in the silkworm Bombyx mori (29). This silkworm protein, BmGRP2, was detected in the cuticle layer of the wing tissue and in the trachea in the silkworm.…”

βFTZ-F1 and Broad-Complex positively regulate the transcription of the wing cuticle protein gene, BMWCP5, in wing discs of Bombyx mori

“…Stage specific expression of the cuticle protein genes is induced by the fluctuation of hormones. Ecdysone up-regulates (Braquart et al, 1996;Noji et al, 2003) and down-regulates (Hiruma et al, 1991) or ecdysone pulse induces (Apple and Fristrom, 1991;Suzuki et al, 2002;Noji et al, 2003;Zhong et al, 2006) different ecdysone responsive cuticle protein genes, and juvenile hormone (JH) affects the type of ecdysis and cuticle proteins (Riddiford, 1982;Bouhin et al, 1992;Krä mer and Wolbert, 1998;Zhou and Riddiford, 2002). …”