Glycine Receptors and Glycinergic Synaptic Input at the Axon Terminals of Mammalian Retinal Rod Bipolar Cells

Cui, Jinjuan; Ping, Yu; Lipton, Stuart A.; Pan, Zhuo Hua

doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2003.052092

Cited by 36 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…cal temperatures, consistent with the observations of previous studies on evoked GABA A , GABA C , and glycine receptormediated IPSCs at room temperature (Cui et al, 2003;Frech and Backus, 2004).…”

Section: Glycine and Gaba A Receptor-mediated Inhibition Decreased Thsupporting

confidence: 81%

Receptor and Transmitter Release Properties Set the Time Course of Retinal Inhibition

Eggers

Lukasiewicz

2006

J. Neurosci.

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Synaptic inhibition is determined by the properties of postsynaptic receptors, neurotransmitter release, and clearance, but little is known about how these factors shape sensation-evoked inhibition. The retina is an ideal system to investigate inhibition because it can be activated physiologically with light, and separate inhibitory pathways can be assayed by recording from rod bipolar cells that possess distinct glycine, GABA A , and GABA C receptors (R). We show that receptor properties differentially shape spontaneous IPSCs, whereas both transmitter release and receptor properties shape light-evoked (L) IPSCs. GABA C R-mediated IPSCs decayed the slowest, whereas glycineR-and GABA A R-mediated IPSCs decayed more rapidly. Slow GABA C Rs determined the L-IPSC decay, whereas GABA A Rs and glycineRs, which mediated rapid onset responses, determined the start of the L-IPSC. Both fast and slow inhibitory inputs distinctly shaped the output of rod bipolar cells. The slow GABA C Rs truncated glutamate release, making the A17 amacrine cell L-EPSCs more transient, whereas the fast GABA A R and glycineRs reduced the initial phase of glutamate release, limiting the peak amplitude of the L-EPSC. Estimates of transmitter release time courses suggested that glycine release was more prolonged than GABA release. The time course of GABA release activating GABA C Rs was slower than that activating GABA A Rs, consistent with spillover activation of GABA C Rs. Thus, both postsynaptic receptor and transmitter release properties shape light-evoked inhibition in retina.

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Section: Glycine and Gaba A Receptor-mediated Inhibition Decreased Thsupporting

confidence: 81%

Receptor and Transmitter Release Properties Set the Time Course of Retinal Inhibition

Eggers

Lukasiewicz

2006

J. Neurosci.

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“…They appeared as transient inward currents (at a holding potential of Ϫ60 mV) with very fast rise times (Ͻ400 s; see following text) and slower decays. The spontaneous PSCs were inward at a holding potential of Ϫ60 mV and were reversibly blocked by a mixture of GABA A (bicuculline), GABA C (TPMPA), and glycine (strychnine) receptor antagonists (data not shown), suggesting that they are spontaneous, inhibitory PSCs (spIPSCs) generated by release of GABA and/or glycine from amacrine cell processes contacting the axon and axon terminals of rod bipolar cells (Cui et al 2003;Eggers and Lukasiewicz 2006;Frech and Backus 2004;Ivanova et al 2006). Similar spontaneous PSCs were seen in a total of 15 axon terminal recordings.…”

Section: Examples Of Whole Cell and Outside-out Patch Recordings Frommentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is evidence that rod bipolar cells express a range of ligand-gated (e.g., Cui et al 2003;Fletcher et al 1998;Gillette and Dacheux 1995;Greferath et al 1995;Karschin and Wässle 1990;Koulen et al 1998;Pan 2001;Vaquero and de la Villa 1999) and voltage-gated (e.g., de la Villa et al 1998;Hartveit 1999;Pan 2001;Pan and Lipton 1995;Pan et al 2001;Protti and Llano 1998) ion channels at their axon terminals. After establishing whole cell recordings at axon terminals of rod bipolar cells, we applied GABA (200 M) or glycine (200 M) locally to the axon terminal using a multi-barreled pipette complex.…”

Section: Examples Of Whole Cell and Outside-out Patch Recordings Frommentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Before the start of the ramp (Ϫ100 to ϩ40 mV; 100 mV/s), the cell was hyperpolarized from Ϫ60 to Ϫ100 mV for 50 ms. The I-V curve displayed two separate inward current components, corresponding to a low-threshold T-type current activating at Ϫ70 to Ϫ65 mV and a higher-threshold L-type current activating at Ϫ50 to Ϫ45 mV (de la Villa et al 1998;Hartveit 1999;Pan 2000Pan , 2001Protti and Llano 1998;Satoh et al 1998). There is evidence that the T-type current is localized both in the soma (de la Villa et al 1998;Hartveit 1999;Pan 2000;Satoh et al 1998) and in the axon terminal compartment (Pan 2001;Pan et al 2001).…”

Section: Examples Of Whole Cell and Outside-out Patch Recordings Frommentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Accordingly, we tested our terminal recordings for the presence of L-type voltage-gated Ca 2ϩ currents, known to be localized to the synaptic regions of the axon terminals (de la Villa et al 1998;Hartveit 1999;Pan 2000Pan , 2001; Protti and Llano 1998; Satoh et al 1998). Figure 9D shows the I-V relationship for ramp-evoked Ca 2ϩ currents in a terminal-end recording of a rod bipolar cell.…”

Section: Examples Of Whole Cell and Outside-out Patch Recordings Frommentioning

confidence: 99%

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Patch-Clamp Investigations and Compartmental Modeling of Rod Bipolar Axon Terminals in an In Vitro Thin-Slice Preparation of the Mammalian Retina

Oltedal

Mørkve²,

Veruki³

et al. 2007

Journal of Neurophysiology

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Oltedal L, Mørkve SH, Veruki ML, Hartveit E. Patch-clamp investigations and compartmental modeling of rod bipolar axon terminals in an in vitro thin-slice preparation of the mammalian retina. J Neurophysiol 97: [1171][1172][1173][1174][1175][1176][1177][1178][1179][1180][1181][1182][1183][1184][1185][1186][1187] 2007. First published December 13, 2006; doi:10.1152/jn.01010.2006. To extend the usefulness of rod bipolar cells for studies of chemical synaptic transmission, we have performed electrophysiological recordings from rod bipolar axon terminals in an in vitro slice preparation of the rat retina. Whole cell recordings from axon terminals and cell bodies were used to investigate the passive membrane properties of rod bipolar cells and analyzed with a two-compartment equivalent electrical circuit model developed by Mennerick et al. For both terminal-and soma-end recordings, capacitive current decays were well fitted by biexponential functions. Computer simulations of simplified models of rod bipolar cells demonstrated that estimates of the capacitance of the axon terminal compartment can depend critically on the recording location, with terminal-end recordings giving the best estimates. Computer simulations and whole cell recordings demonstrated that terminal-end recordings can yield more accurate estimates of the peak amplitude and kinetic properties of postsynaptic currents generated at the axon terminals due to increased electrotonic filtering of these currents when recorded at the soma. Finally, we present whole cell and outside-out patch recordings from axon terminals with responses evoked by GABA and glycine, spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents, voltage-gated Ca 2ϩ currents, and depolarization-evoked reciprocal synaptic responses, verifying that the recorded axon terminals are involved in normal pre-and postsynaptic relationships. These results demonstrate that axon terminals of rod bipolar cells are directly accessible to whole cell and outside-out patch recordings, extending the usefulness of this preparation for detailed studies of pre-and postsynaptic mechanisms of synaptic transmission in the CNS.

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Diversity of glycine receptors in the mouse retina: Localization of the α2 subunit

Haverkamp

Müller

Zeilhofer³

et al. 2004

J of Comparative Neurology

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Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glycine are the major inhibitory neurotransmitters in the retina, glycine being produced in approximately half of all amacrine cells. Whereas retinal cell types expressing the glycine receptor (GlyR) alpha1 and alpha3 subunits have been mapped, the role of the alpha2 subunit in retinal circuitry remains unclear. By using immunocytochemistry, we localized the alpha2 subunit in the inner plexiform layer (IPL) in brightly fluorescent puncta, which represent postsynaptically clustered GlyRs. This was shown by doubly labeling sections for GlyR alpha2 and bassoon (a presynaptic marker) or gephyrin (a postsynaptic marker). Synapses containing GlyR alpha2 were rarely found on ganglion cell dendrites but were observed on bipolar cell axon terminals and on amacrine cell processes. Recently, an amacrine cell type has been described that is immunopositive for glycine and for the vesicular glutamate transporter vGluT3. The processes of this cell type were presynaptic to GlyR alpha2 puncta, suggesting that vGluT3 amacrine cells release glycine. Double labeling of sections for GlyR alpha1 and GlyR alpha2 subunits showed that they are clustered at different synapses. In sections doubly labeled for GlyR alpha2 and GlyR alpha3, approximately one-third of the puncta were colocalized. The most abundant GlyR subtype in retina contains alpha3 subunits, followed by those containing GlyR alpha2 and GlyR alpha1 subunits.

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Glycine Receptors and Glycinergic Synaptic Input at the Axon Terminals of Mammalian Retinal Rod Bipolar Cells

Cited by 36 publications

References 69 publications

Receptor and Transmitter Release Properties Set the Time Course of Retinal Inhibition

Receptor and Transmitter Release Properties Set the Time Course of Retinal Inhibition

Patch-Clamp Investigations and Compartmental Modeling of Rod Bipolar Axon Terminals in an In Vitro Thin-Slice Preparation of the Mammalian Retina

Diversity of glycine receptors in the mouse retina: Localization of the α2 subunit

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