Glycine oligomerization up to triglycine by shock experiments simulating comet impacts

Sugahara, Haruna; Mimura, Koichi

doi:10.2343/geochemj.2.0285

Cited by 44 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 80 publications

(66 reference statements)

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“…The mixing ratio for our study was alanine/water ice/forsterite = 0.1/0.8/1.0 by weight (for the precise concentration of the amino acid, see Table 1). This ratio is comparable to the starting material used in the experiments on glycine by Sugahara and Mimura (2014a), which was based on the composition of interstellar dust (Greenberg and Mendoza-Gómez, 1992;Greenberg and Li, 1999). The use of forsterite as a representative silicate of comets is because it is one of major components in comets (e.g., Tomeoka et al, 2008).…”

Section: Starting Materialsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Earth (Blank et al, 2001;Sugahara and Mimura, 2014a). Blank et al (2001) performed shock experiments on amino acid solutions at room temperature to produce peptides up to dimers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Blank et al (2001) performed shock experiments on amino acid solutions at room temperature to produce peptides up to dimers. Sugahara and Mimura (2014a) performed shock experiments under cryogenic conditions, simulating comet impacts, and demonstrated that the amino acid glycine was oligomerized into peptides up to triglycine due to the impact shock. We also showed that cryogenic conditions during comet impacts might be an important prerequisite for the synthesis of predominantly linear peptides, as opposed to cyclic diketopiperazine.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Peptide synthesis triggered by comet impacts: A possible method for peptide delivery to the early Earth and icy satellites

Sugahara

Mimura

2015

Icarus

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Section: Starting Materialsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Earth (Blank et al, 2001;Sugahara and Mimura, 2014a). Blank et al (2001) performed shock experiments on amino acid solutions at room temperature to produce peptides up to dimers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Peptide synthesis triggered by comet impacts: A possible method for peptide delivery to the early Earth and icy satellites

Sugahara

Mimura

2015

Icarus

Self Cite

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“…The possible products are ammonia, carbon dioxide, carboxylic acids, and diketopiperazine (DKP). DKP is a dimerization product of amino acids at high temperatures [22,48].…”

Section: Oxygen Fugacity Effect On Stability and Reaction Of Amino Acidmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survivability and reactivity of glycine and alanine in early oceans: effects of meteorite impacts

et al. 2015

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Prebiotic oceans might have contained abundant amino acids, and were subjected to meteorite impacts, especially during the late heavy bombardment. It is so far unknown how meteorite impacts affected amino acids in the early oceans. Impact experiments were performed under the conditions where glycine was synthesized from carbon, ammonia, and water, using aqueous solutions containing 13 C-labeled glycine and alanine. Selected amino acids and amines in samples were analyzed with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS). In particular, the 13 C-labeled reaction products were analyzed to distinguish between run products and contaminants. The results revealed that both amino acids survived partially in the early ocean through meteorite impacts, that part of glycine changed into alanine, and that large amounts of methylamine and ethylamine were formed. Fast decarboxylation was confirmed to occur during such impact processes. Furthermore, the formation of n-butylamine, detected only in the samples recovered from the solutions with additional nitrogen and carbon sources of ammonia and benzene, suggests that chemical reactions to form new biomolecules can proceed through marine impacts. Methylamine and ethylamine from glycine and alanine increased considerably in the presence of hematite rather than olivine under similar impact conditions. These results also suggest that amino acids present in early oceans can contribute further to impact-induced reactions, implying that impact energy plays a potential role in the prebiotic formation of various biomolecules, although the reactions are complicated and depend upon the chemical environments as well.

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“…In fact, laboratory experiments showed that the hypervelocity impact-shock of ice mixtures analogous to those found in a comet produced several amino acids (Martins et al 2013). In addition, shock experiments simulating comet impacts show that glycine oligomerization up to trimers could be achieved, and that linear peptides were preferentially synthesized relative to cyclic peptides (Sugahara and Mimura 2014).…”

Section: Exogenous Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Astrobiology and the Possibility of Life on Earth and Elsewhere…

et al. 2015

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Astrobiology is an interdisciplinary scientific field not only focused on the search of extraterrestrial life, but also on deciphering the key environmental parameters that have enabled the emergence of life on Earth. Understanding these physical and chemical parameters is fundamental knowledge necessary not only for discovering life or signs of life on other planets, but also for understanding our own terrestrial environment. Therefore, astrobiology pushes us to combine different perspectives such as the conditions on the primitive Earth, the Team of interdisciplinary scientists focused on astrobiology to review the profound transformations in the field that have occurred since the beginning of the new century. The present paper is an interdisciplinary review of current research in astrobiology, covering the major advances and main outlooks in the field. The following subjects will be reviewed and most recent discoveries will be highlighted: the new understanding of planetary system formation including the specificity of the Earth among the diversity of planets, the origin of water on Earth and its unique combined properties among solvents for the emergence of life, the idea that the Earth could have been habitable during the Hadean Era, the inventory of endogenous and exogenous sources of organic matter and new concepts about how chemistry could evolve towards biological molecules and biological systems. In addition, many new findings show the remarkable potential life has for adaptation and survival in extreme environments. All those results from different fields of science are guiding our perspectives and strategies to look for life in other Solar System objects as well as beyond, in extrasolar worlds.

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Glycine oligomerization up to triglycine by shock experiments simulating comet impacts

Cited by 44 publications

References 80 publications

Peptide synthesis triggered by comet impacts: A possible method for peptide delivery to the early Earth and icy satellites

Peptide synthesis triggered by comet impacts: A possible method for peptide delivery to the early Earth and icy satellites

Survivability and reactivity of glycine and alanine in early oceans: effects of meteorite impacts

Astrobiology and the Possibility of Life on Earth and Elsewhere…

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