Glycine-like immunoreactivity in the rat auditory pathway

Aoki, Eiko; Semba, Reiji; Keino, Hiroomi; Kato, Kanefusa; Kashiwamata, Shigeo

doi:10.1016/0006-8993(88)91432-1

Cited by 95 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Other studies have shown a high-affinity uptake of ?H-glycine in terminals in the LSO (Schwartz, 1985). Furthermore, the MNTB cells, their axons, and their axon terminals in the LSO are glytine immunoreactive (Wenthold et al, 1987;Aoki et al, 1988). The GLYT2 immunoreactivity of the MNTB cell bodies obtained in the present report probably represents biosynthesis of the protein (see below on GLYT2 mRNA).…”

Section: Glycine Transporters In Glycinergic Nellrotransmissionsupporting

confidence: 58%

“…The projection from the MNTB to the ipsilateral LSO (Spirou et al, 1990) is inhibitory and uses glycine as neurotransmitter. Numerous studies have demonstrated both a-subunit receptor immunoreactivity (Aoki et al, 1988) and high binding of 'H-strychnine in the LSO (Sanes et al, 1987;Glendennig and Baker, 1988). Electrophysiological data have shown the presence of strychnine-sensitive synapses in the LSO (Moore and Caspary, 1983;Wu and Kelly, 1991).…”

Section: Glycine Transporters In Glycinergic Nellrotransmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Glycine transporters are differentially expressed among CNS cells

et al. 1995

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Glycine is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the spinal cord and brainstem and is also required for the activation of NMDA receptors. The extracellular concentration of this neuroactive amino acid is regulated by at least two glycine transporters (GLYT1 and GLYT2). To study the localization and properties of these proteins, sequence- specific antibodies against the cloned glycine transporters have been raised. Immunoblots show that the 50–70 kDa band corresponding to GLYT1 is expressed at the highest concentrations in the spinal cord, brainstem, diencephalon, and retina, and, in a lesser degree, to the olfactory bulb and brain hemispheres, whereas it is not detected in peripheral tissues. Pre-embedding light and electron microscopic immunocytochemistry show that GLYT1 is expressed in glial cells around both glycinergic and nonglycinergic neurons except in the retina, where it is expressed by amacrine neurons, but not by glia. The expression of a 90–110 kDa band corresponding to GLYT2 is restricted to the spinal cord, brain-stem, and cerebellum; in addition, very low levels occur in the diencephalon. GLYT2 is found in presynaptic elements of neurons thought to be glycinergic. However, in the cerebellum, GLYT2 is expressed both in terminal boutons and in glial elements. The physiological consequences of the regional and cellular distributions of these two proteins as well as the possibility of the existence of an unidentified neuronal form of GLYT1 are discussed.

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Section: Glycine Transporters In Glycinergic Nellrotransmissionsupporting

confidence: 58%

Section: Glycine Transporters In Glycinergic Nellrotransmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glycine transporters are differentially expressed among CNS cells

et al. 1995

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“…As has been demonstrated in many species (Campistron et al, 1986;Peyret et al, 1987;Aoki et al, 1988), immunolabeling with antibodies against glycine reveals readily discernible MNTB neurons within the superior olivary complex. We used the same criterion to verify that the MNTB formed a homogeneous cell group at these young ages.…”

Section: Identification Of the Mntb In Neonatal Animalsmentioning

confidence: 58%

Synaptogenesis of the Calyx of Held: Rapid Onset of Function and One-to-One Morphological Innervation

Hoffpauir

Grimes²,

Mathers³

et al. 2006

J. Neurosci.

113

229

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Synaptogenesis during early development is thought to follow a canonical program whereby synapses increase rapidly in number and individual axons multiply-innervate nearby targets. Typically, a subset of inputs then out-competes all others through experience-driven processes to establish stable, long-lasting contacts. We investigated the formation of the calyx of Held, probably the largest nerve terminal in the mammalian CNS. Many basic functional and morphological features of calyx growth have not been studied previously, including whether mono-innervation, a hallmark of this system in adult animals, is established early in development. Evoked postsynaptic currents, recorded from neonatal mice between postnatal day 1 (P1) and P4, increased dramatically from Ϫ0.14 Ϯ 0.04 nA at P1 to Ϫ6.71 Ϯ 0.65 nA at P4 with sharp jumps between P2 and P4. These are the first functional assays of these nascent synapses for ages less than P3. AMPA and NMDA receptor-mediated currents were prominent across this age range. Electron microscopy (EM) revealed a concomitant increase, beginning at P2, in the prevalence of postsynaptic densities (16-fold) and adhering contacts (73-fold) by P4. Therefore, both functional and structural data showed that young calyces could form within 2 d, well before the onset of hearing around P8. Convergence of developing calyces onto postsynaptic targets, indicative of competitive processes that precede mono-innervation, was rare (4 of 29) at P4 as assessed using minimal stimulation electrophysiology protocols. Serial EM sectioning through 19 P4 cells further established the paucity (2 of 19) of convergence. These data indicate that calyces of Held follow a noncanonical program to establish targeted innervation that occurs over a rapid time course and precedes auditory experience.

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“…When the retrograde transport of tritiated glycine is used to label selectively the glycinergic cells that project to the IC, 68% of the labeled cells are located in the VLL (Saint Marie and Baker, 1990). This observation and the fact that both glycine and GABA have been localized in many cells in the VLL (Thompson et al, 1985;Moore and Moore, 1987;Roberts and Ribak, 1987;Aoki et al, 1988;Saint Marie and Baker, 1990;Vater et al, 1992;Winer et al, 1995) suggest that projections from the VLL could play a significant role in inhibitory processes in the IC. Furthermore, anterograde tracing studies have shown that projections from the VLL terminate widely throughout the IC, in both the central nucleus and in parts of the external cortex (Kudo, 1981;Whitley and Henkel, 1984;Kudo and Naka-mura, 1987).…”

mentioning

confidence: 82%

Ventral nucleus of the lateral lemniscus in guinea pigs: Cytoarchitecture and inputs from the cochlear nucleus

Schofield

Cant

1997

J. Comp. Neurol.

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Cytoarchitectonic criteria were used to distinguish three subdivisions of the ventral nucleus of the lateral lemniscus in guinea pigs. Axonal tracing techniques were used to examine the projections from the cochlear nucleus to each subdivision. Based on the cell types they contain and their patterns of input, we distinguished ventral, dorsal, and anterior subdivisions of the ventral nucleus of the lateral lemniscus. All three subdivisions receive bilateral inputs from the cochlear nucleus, with contralateral inputs greatly outnumbering ipsilateral inputs. However, the relative density of the inputs varies: the ventral subdivision receives the densest projection, whereas the anterior subdivision receives the sparsest projection. Further differences are apparent in the morphology of the afferent axons. Following an injection of Phaseolus vulgaris-leucoagglutinin into the ventral cochlear nucleus, most of the axons on the contralateral side and all of the axons on the ipsilateral side are thin. Thick axons are present only in the ventral subdivision contralateral to the injection site. The evidence from both anterograde and retrograde tracing studies suggests that the thick axons originate from octopus cells, whereas the thin axons arise from multipolar cells and spherical bushy cells. The differences in constituent cell types and in patterns of inputs suggest that each of the three subdivisions of the ventral nucleus of the lateral lemniscus makes a distinct contribution to the analysis of acoustic signals.

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Glycine-like immunoreactivity in the rat auditory pathway

Cited by 95 publications

References 25 publications

Glycine transporters are differentially expressed among CNS cells

Glycine transporters are differentially expressed among CNS cells

Synaptogenesis of the Calyx of Held: Rapid Onset of Function and One-to-One Morphological Innervation

Ventral nucleus of the lateral lemniscus in guinea pigs: Cytoarchitecture and inputs from the cochlear nucleus

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