Glycine increases the number of somatostatin receptors and somatostatin-mediated inhibition of the adenylate cyclase system in the rat hippocampus

Abstract

The glycine and somatostatin (SS) neurotransmission systems in the brain have been implicated in the function of sensory, motor, and nociceptive pathways. To investigate a possible relationship between these two components, we studied the influence of glycine on the binding of 125I‐Tyr11‐SS to its receptors and on SS‐like immunoreactivity (SSLI) levels in the rat hippocampus and frontoparietal cortex. An intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) dose of 16 or 160 nmol of glycine induced an increase in the total number of specific SS receptors in the hippocampus but not in the frontoparietal cortex at 15 min following injection, with no changes in the affinity constant. This effect seems to be mediated by inhibitory strychnine‐sensitive glycine receptors since pretreatment with the antagonist strychnine (80 μg/100 g body weight, intravenously) abolished this response. No significant changes in SSLI content were detected in either brain region of glycine‐ and strychnine plus glycine‐treated rats as compared to control values. Since SS receptors are coupled via guanine nucleotide‐binding G proteins to the adenylyl cyclase (AC) system, we also examined the inhibitory effects of SS and the guanine nucleotide Gpp(NH)p on AC activity in hippocampal membranes of control, glycine‐ and strychnine plus glycine‐treated rats since the increase in SS receptors was observed only in this brain area. No significant differences were observed for the forskolin (FK)‐stimulated AC enzyme activities in hippocampal membranes from all the experimental groups studied. In the hippocampus of the glycine‐(160 nmol) treated group, however, basal AC activity was significantly lower, and the capacity of SS to inhibit FK‐stimulated AC activity was increased as compared to the control group. Pretreatment with strychnine prevented the increase in SS‐mediated inhibition of AC activity. The functional activity of the inhibitory guanine nucleotide‐binding protein G1, as determined by the inhibitory effect of the stable GTP analogue Gpp(NH)p on FK‐stimulated AC activity, was significantly higher in hippocampal membranes of glycine‐ (160 nmol) treated rats as compared to controls. This suggests that the increased inhibition of AC activity by SS in the glycine‐treated group may be due to the increase in G1 activity and/or the increase in the number of SS receptors observed. Alternatively, the greater G1 activity may be responsible for the increased binding of 125I‐Tyr11‐SS to its receptors observed after glycine administration. Altogether, these data suggest that the hippocampal somatostatinergic system can be regulated by strychnine‐sensitive glycine receptors in the rat. © 1996 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

Acutely administered melatonin decreases somatostatin‐binding sites and the inhibitory effect of somatostatin on adenylyl cyclase activity in the rat hippocampus

“…As melatonin inhibits GABA‐induced Cl − currents in the hippocampus, inhibition of GABA‐induced neuronal hyperpolarization might be implicated in the action of melatonin on the SRIFergic system. In this regard, our group has shown that glycine, which causes neuronal hyperpolarization upon binding to its receptor, a chloride channel, increases the number of SRIF receptors and SRIF‐mediated inhibition of AC system in the rat hippocampus [50].…”