Glycerol transesterification with ethyl acetate to synthesize acetins using ethyl acetate as reactant and entrainer

Shafiei, Amin; Rastegari, Hajar; Ghaziaskar, Hassan S.; Yalpani, Mohammad

doi:10.18331/brj2017.4.1.7

Cited by 29 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Currently, more than 95% of biodiesel is produced from edible oils, which seriously comprising deforestation and damage to wildlife [14] and reducing essential oil resources for the growing human population. Even though edible oils give enormous biodiesel production and easily transesterified because of their less free fatty acid contents [12,15,16]. However, they are reducing essential oil resources for the growing human population in many countries and regions; the use of edible oils for biodiesel production will direct competition with food uses [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production and Characterization of Biodiesel Derived from a Novel Source Koelreuteria paniculata Seed Oil

2020

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Biodiesel is a clean and renewable fuel, which is considered as the best alternative to diesel fuel, but the feedstock contributes more than 70% of the cost. The most important constituent essential for biodiesel development is to explore cheap feedstock with high oil content. In this work, we found novel non-edible plant seeds of Koelreuteria paniculata (KP) with high oil contents of 28–30 wt.% and low free fatty acid contents (0.91%), which can serve as a promising feedstock for biodiesel production. KP seed oil can convert into biodiesel/fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) by base-catalyzed transesterification with the highest biodiesel production of 95.2% after an optimization process. We obtained the optimal transesterification conditions, i.e., oil/methanol ratio (6:1), catalyst concentration (0.32), reaction temperature (65 °C), stirring rate (700 rpm), and reaction time (80 min). The physico-chemical properties and composition of the FAME were investigated and compared with mineral diesel. The synthesized esters were confirmed and characterized by the application of NMR (1H and 13C), FTIR, and GC-MS. The biofuel produced from KP seed oil satisfies the conditions verbalized by ASTM D6751 and EN14214 standards. Accordingly, KP source oil can be presented as a novel raw material for biofuel fabrication.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production and Characterization of Biodiesel Derived from a Novel Source Koelreuteria paniculata Seed Oil

2020

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“…Glycerol is an important by-product of the transesterification reaction, which needs to be separated from the biodiesel phase (Atadashi et al, 2011a;Shafiei et al, 2017). Depending on regional regulations, biodiesel needs to meet certain characterizations prior to reaching the market.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comprehensive review on biodiesel purification and upgrading

2017

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HIGHLIGHTS Various biodiesel purification methods, i.e., equilibrium-based, affinity-based, and reaction-based separation techniques along with membrane technology and solid-liquid separation processes were reviewed.Deoxygenating process via hydrodeoxygenation and decarboxylation/decarbonylation pathways is a common way to upgrade bio-based oils to produce biorenewable diesel with excellent fuel properties. Catalysts and operating conditions, i.e., pressure, temperature, and contact time, are the most important variables in biodiesel upgrading discussed herein. Serious environmental concerns regarding the use of fossil-based fuels have raised awareness regarding the necessity of alternative clean fuels and energy carriers. Biodiesel is considered a clean, biodegradable, and non-toxic diesel substitute produced via the transesterification of triglycerides with an alcohol in the presence of a proper catalyst. After initial separation of the by-product (glycerol), the crude biodiesel needs to be purified to meet the standard specifications prior to marketing. The presence of impurities in the biodiesel not only significantly affects its engine performance but also complicates its handling and storage. Therefore, biodiesel purification is an essential step prior to marketing. Biodiesel purification methods can be classified based on the nature of the process into equilibrium-based, affinity-based, membrane-based, reaction-based, and solid-liquid separation processes. The main adverse properties of biodiesel -namely moisture absorption, corrosiveness, and high viscosity -primarily arise from the presence of oxygen. To address these issues, several upgrading techniques have been proposed, among which catalytic (hydro)deoxygenation using conventional hydrotreating catalysts, supported metallic materials, and most recently transition metals in various forms appear promising. Nevertheless, catalyst deactivation (via coking) and/or inadequacy of product yields necessitate further research. This paper provides a comprehensive overview on the techniques and methods used for biodiesel purification and upgrading. ABSTRACT

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“…It was reported complete glycerol conversion was obtained at 90 o C, reaction time of 10 h for 1:30 molar ratio of G : EA. 16 Shafiei et al 18 have reported synthesis of acetins through transesterification of glycerol with ethyl acetate using batch, semi batch and reactive distillation system using homogenous catalyst. They concluded that semi batch system gave 100 % glycerol conversion after 18 h of reaction time with selectivity of 25 % for DA and 75% for TA.…”

Section: Conversion Of Glycerol Into Acetinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of acetins from ethyl acetate via transesterification with glycerol using a sulphonic acid type ion-exchange resin

Veluturla¹,

Narula²,

Sathitsommon³

et al. 2020

ECB

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Glycerol transesterification with ethyl acetate to synthesize acetins using ethyl acetate as reactant and entrainer

Cited by 29 publications

References 8 publications

Production and Characterization of Biodiesel Derived from a Novel Source Koelreuteria paniculata Seed Oil

Production and Characterization of Biodiesel Derived from a Novel Source Koelreuteria paniculata Seed Oil

A comprehensive review on biodiesel purification and upgrading

Synthesis of acetins from ethyl acetate via transesterification with glycerol using a sulphonic acid type ion-exchange resin

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