Glycerol to Value-Added Glycerol Carbonate in the Two-Step Non-Catalytic Supercritical Dimethyl Carbonate Method

Ilham, Zul; Saka, Shiro

doi:10.1007/978-4-431-53910-0_20

Cited by 4 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 7 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…On this line of study, non-catalytic supercritical dimethyl carbonate method for biodiesel production has been developed previously in one-step [18] and two-step processes [19,20]. By-product such as glycerol carbonate from these processes was found to have higher value than glycerol that is produced in the conventional biodiesel production [18][19][20][21]. In addition, catalytic [22] and enzymatic routes [23][24][25] to produce biodiesel using dimethyl carbonate as reactant have also been studied by some other researchers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of supercritical dimethyl carbonate method for biodiesel production

Ilham

Saka

2012

Fuel

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Biodiesel could be produced from triglycerides and dimethyl carbonate, instead of the conventional methanol, in this non-catalytic supercritical dimethyl carbonate method. It was demonstrated that, supercritical dimethyl carbonate method successfully converted triglycerides as well as fatty acids to fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) with glycerol carbonate, a higher value by-product compared to the conventional glycerol. The FAME are high in yield, comparable with supercritical methanol method, and satisfy the international standard for use as biodiesel fuel. In this study, therefore, optimization of supercritical dimethyl carbonate method was discussed to include all important key parameters such as reaction temperature, pressure, time, molar ratio of dimethyl carbonate to oil, the FAME yield, thermal decomposition, degree of denaturation, tocopherol content, oxidation stability and fuel properties. The optimum condition for supercritical dimethyl carbonate method was determined at 300ºC/20MPa/20min/42:1 molar ratio of dimethyl carbonate to oil to have satisfactory yield of FAME at 97.4wt%. Conclusively, this study showed the importance to address all those key parameters in order to produce high quality biodiesel from supercritical dimethyl carbonate method.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of supercritical dimethyl carbonate method for biodiesel production

Ilham

Saka

2012

Fuel

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The glycerol produced in the first step was valorized in the second step into value-added glycerol carbonate in supercritical dimethyl carbonate (280-3008C/9-12 MPa) without any catalyst applied [3]. The glycerol showed higher conversion to glycerol carbonate due to its high purity.…”

Section: Two-step Supercritical Dimethyl Carbonate Methods (Saka and Imentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, it is crucial to monitor the temperature and pressure due to the marked effect of supercritical condition on the stability of dimethyl carbonate itself. If subjected to high temperature and high pressure beyond the real optimum supercritical condition, dimethyl carbonate decomposes to produce gaseous products with reduction in the yield of both FAME and value-added by-products [3,5].…”

Section: Fuel Properties Of Biodiesel Prepared In Supercritical Dimetmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Production of biodiesel with glycerol carbonate by non‐catalytic supercritical dimethyl carbonate

Ilham

Saka

2011

Lipid Technology

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

New biodiesel production processes comprising one-step and two-step supercritical dimethyl carbonate methods have been pioneered. The use of dimethyl carbonate allows the reaction conditions to be mild and thus avoid unwanted deterioration of substrates during reaction. In this process, without any catalyst applied, supercritical dimethyl carbonate converts triglycerides (rapeseed oil) into fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) along with glycerol carbonate as a value-added by-product, instead of glycerol. Free fatty acids could be also converted into FAME so that the total yield of biodiesel for both methods resulted in over 96 wt%. In addition, the produced FAME satisfy the fuel requirements for the international standards of biodiesel specification.

show abstract

“…The supercritical dimethyl carbonate method is applicable to oils with a high free fatty acid contents such as Jatropha curcas oil, with 13.6 wt% free fatty acids. The glycerol produced in the first step was valorized in the second step, obtaining glycerol carbonate in supercritical dimethyl carbonate (280–300 °C and 9–12 MPa) without any catalyst [ 75 ]. The glycerol showed higher rate of conversion to glycerol carbonate due to its high purity.…”

Section: Non-catalytic Biodiesel Synthesis By Supercritical Fluid mentioning

confidence: 99%

Supercritical Synthesis of Biodiesel

et al. 2012

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The synthesis of biodiesel fuel from lipids (vegetable oils and animal fats) has gained in importance as a possible source of renewable non-fossil energy in an attempt to reduce our dependence on petroleum-based fuels. The catalytic processes commonly used for the production of biodiesel fuel present a series of limitations and drawbacks, among them the high energy consumption required for complex purification operations and undesirable side reactions. Supercritical fluid (SCF) technologies offer an interesting alternative to conventional processes for preparing biodiesel. This review highlights the advances, advantages, drawbacks and new tendencies involved in the use of supercritical fluids (SCFs) for biodiesel synthesis.

show abstract

Glycerol to Value-Added Glycerol Carbonate in the Two-Step Non-Catalytic Supercritical Dimethyl Carbonate Method

Cited by 4 publications

References 7 publications

Optimization of supercritical dimethyl carbonate method for biodiesel production

Optimization of supercritical dimethyl carbonate method for biodiesel production

Production of biodiesel with glycerol carbonate by non‐catalytic supercritical dimethyl carbonate

Supercritical Synthesis of Biodiesel

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About